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1 Ad vitam aeternam
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2 aevom
aevum (archaic aevom), i, n.; but m., Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 14; Lucr. 2, 561; 3, 603 [aiôn; cf. aies or aien, aei, aidios; Goth. aivs = time, aiv = ever, aiveins = everlasting; Germ. ewig, Ewigkeit; Eng. aye, ever].I.Lit.A.In gen., uninterrupted, never-ending time, eternity; per aevom, Lucr. 1, 634; 1, 950 al.—Hence of the future:B.in aevum,
for all time, Hor. C. 4, 14, 3; so Plin. 35, 2, 2, and Vulg. Eccli. 41, 16:nos peribimus in aevum,
ib. Bar. 3, 3.—Esp., in a more restricted sense of a definite time, period, lifetime, life, age: aevom agitare, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 2, 3 (Ann. v. 308 Vahl.): in armis aevom agere, Pac. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 49 (Trag. Rel. p. 110 Rib.); so, aevom degere, [p. 65] Lucr. 5, 1439:II.consumere,
id. 5, 1430: meum si quis te percontabitur aevum, my age or time of life, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 26:aevum omne et breve et fragile est,
Plin. Pan. 78, 2: flos aevi, the bloom of life (cf. aetas, I.), Ov. M. 9, 435:integer aevi,
Verg. A. 9, 255:primum aevum,
Val. Fl. 7, 338.—Also (like aetas, q. v. I.) for old age:aevo confectus,
Verg. A. 11, 85:obsitus aevo,
id. ib. 8, 307:annis aevoque soluti,
Ov. M. 8, 712.—Transf.A.Age or generation, Ov. P. 1, 3, 83:B.ter aevo functus (of Nestor),
Hor. C. 2, 9, 13:ingenia nostri aevi,
Vell. 2, 36:in nostro aevo,
Plin. 2, 25, 23, § 92:nostro aevo,
id. 2, 13, 10, § 57:simulacrum tot aevis incorruptum,
id. 14, 1, 2, § 9.—Hence,The men living in the same age (cf. aetas, II. C.):C.de quibus consensus aevi judicaverit,
Plin. 14, 6, 8, § 72.—In a wider sense, time, in gen.:vitiata dentibus aevi omnia,
Ov. M. 15, 235:quae per tantum aevi occulta,
Tac. A. 16, 1. -
3 aevum
aevum (archaic aevom), i, n.; but m., Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 14; Lucr. 2, 561; 3, 603 [aiôn; cf. aies or aien, aei, aidios; Goth. aivs = time, aiv = ever, aiveins = everlasting; Germ. ewig, Ewigkeit; Eng. aye, ever].I.Lit.A.In gen., uninterrupted, never-ending time, eternity; per aevom, Lucr. 1, 634; 1, 950 al.—Hence of the future:B.in aevum,
for all time, Hor. C. 4, 14, 3; so Plin. 35, 2, 2, and Vulg. Eccli. 41, 16:nos peribimus in aevum,
ib. Bar. 3, 3.—Esp., in a more restricted sense of a definite time, period, lifetime, life, age: aevom agitare, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 2, 3 (Ann. v. 308 Vahl.): in armis aevom agere, Pac. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 49 (Trag. Rel. p. 110 Rib.); so, aevom degere, [p. 65] Lucr. 5, 1439:II.consumere,
id. 5, 1430: meum si quis te percontabitur aevum, my age or time of life, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 26:aevum omne et breve et fragile est,
Plin. Pan. 78, 2: flos aevi, the bloom of life (cf. aetas, I.), Ov. M. 9, 435:integer aevi,
Verg. A. 9, 255:primum aevum,
Val. Fl. 7, 338.—Also (like aetas, q. v. I.) for old age:aevo confectus,
Verg. A. 11, 85:obsitus aevo,
id. ib. 8, 307:annis aevoque soluti,
Ov. M. 8, 712.—Transf.A.Age or generation, Ov. P. 1, 3, 83:B.ter aevo functus (of Nestor),
Hor. C. 2, 9, 13:ingenia nostri aevi,
Vell. 2, 36:in nostro aevo,
Plin. 2, 25, 23, § 92:nostro aevo,
id. 2, 13, 10, § 57:simulacrum tot aevis incorruptum,
id. 14, 1, 2, § 9.—Hence,The men living in the same age (cf. aetas, II. C.):C.de quibus consensus aevi judicaverit,
Plin. 14, 6, 8, § 72.—In a wider sense, time, in gen.:vitiata dentibus aevi omnia,
Ov. M. 15, 235:quae per tantum aevi occulta,
Tac. A. 16, 1. -
4 aevum or (older) aevom
aevum or (older) aevom ī, n, αἰών, neverending time, eternity: aeternum, O.: in aevum, for all time, H.—Esp., period of life, lifetime, life, age: in armis agere: in silvis exigere, V.: extentum, prolonged, H.: natura aevi brevis, S.: meum, my age, H.: aevo apta, things suitable to their years, H.: maximus aevo (i. e. natu), O.: flos aevi, the bloom of life, O.: aequale tecum aevum, V.: occulto arbor aevo, i. e. with no signs of age, H.—Old age: aevo confectus, V.: annis aevoque soluti, O. — Age, generation, period: Livi scriptoris, H.: venturi inscius aevi, the future, V.: in omne nobilis aevum, H.: durare in hoc aevi, to our own times, O. — The age, men of the age: veniens, posterity, H.—Time: aevi vetustas, V.: vitiata dentibus aevi omnia, O. -
5 per-petuus
per-petuus adj. [per+1 PAT-], continuous, unbroken, uninterrupted, constant, entire, whole, perpetual: agmen: vigiliaeque stationesque, a continuous line of, etc., Cs.: Perpetuis soliti patres considere mensis, V.: innocentia perpetuā vitā perspecta, in the whole tenor of his life, Cs.: oratio (opp. altercatio): quaestiones, a permanent court for criminal trials: historia, a general history: diem perpetuum in laetitiā degere, this whole day, T.: lex: stellarum cursūs: formido, V.: rota, perpetuum quā circumvertitur axem (i. e. perpetuo), O.—As subst n.: in perpetuum (sc. tempus), for all time, forever.—Universal, general: perpetui iuris quaestio: quaestio, a general principle. -
6 perpetue
per-pĕtŭus, a, um, adj. ( comp. perpetuior, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 601 P.; sup. perpetuissimus, id. ib.) [peto], continuing throughout, continuous, unbroken, uninterrupted; constant, universal, general, entire, whole, perpetual (syn.:II.continuus, assiduus): sulcos perpetuos ducere,
Cato, R. R. 33:quin aedes totae perpetuae ruant,
Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 67:agmen,
Cic. Pis. 22, 51:munitiones,
Caes. B. C. 3, 44:palus,
id. B. G. 7, 26:milites disposuit perpetuis vigiliisque stationibusque,
id. B. C. 1, 21:perpetuis soliti patres considere mensis,
Verg. A. 7, 176:vescitur Aeneas... perpetui tergo bovis,
id. ib. 8, 182:Apenninus perpetuis jugis ab Alpibus tendens ad Siculum fretum,
Plin. 3, 5, 7, § 48:tractus,
id. 6, 20, 23, § 73:oratio perpetua (opp. altercatio),
Cic. Att. 1, 16, 8; cf. Liv. 4, 6:disputatio,
Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 16; id. Top. 26, 97:quaestiones perpetuae hoc adulescente constitutae sunt,
a standing commission, a permanent tribunal for criminal investigation, id. Brut. 27, 105: perpetua historia, a continuous or general history, id. Fam. 5, 12, 2:colere te usque perpetuom diem,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 78:diem perpetuum in laetitiā degere,
this whole day, Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 5:triduum,
id. ib. 4, 1, 4:biennium,
id. Hec. 1, 2, 12:ignis Vestae perpetuus ac sempiternus,
Cic. Cat. 4, 9, 18:lex perpetua et aeterna,
id. N. D. 1, 15, 40:stellarum perennes cursus atque perpetui,
id. ib. 2, 21, 55. stabilis et perpetua permansio, id. Inv. 2, 54, 164:voluntas mea perpetua et constans in rem publicam,
id. Phil. 13, 6, 13:formido,
Verg. E. 4, 14:assidua et perpetua cura,
Cic. Fam. 6, 13, 2:perpetui scrinia Sili,
of the immortal Silius, Mart. 6, 64, 10.—As subst.: perpĕtŭum, i, n., the abiding, permanent (opp. temporale), Lact. 2, 8, 68.—Hence: in perpetuum (sc. tempus), for all time, forever, in perpetuity, constantly: mulier repperit odium ocius Suā inmunditiā, quam in perpetuom ut placeat munditia sua. Plaut. Stich. 5, 5, 6:serva tibi in perpetuom amicum me,
id. Capt. 2, 3, 81:in perpetuum comprimi,
Cic. Cat. 1, 12, 30; id. Agr. 2, 21, 55:obtinere aliquid in perpetuum,
id. Rosc. Am. 48, 139:non in perpetuum irascetur,
Vulg. Psa. 102, 9 et saep.—So, in perpetuum modum = perpetuo, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 5.—In partic.A.That holds constantly and universally, universal, general:B.perpetui juris et universi generis quaestio,
Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 141:nec arbitror perpetuum quicquam in hoc praecipi posse,
Plin. 17, 2, 2, § 19:ne id quidem perpetuum est,
does not always hold good, Cels. 2, 10: illud in quo quasi certamen est controversiae... id ita dici placet, ut traducatur ad perpetuam quaestionem, to a general principle, [p. 1352] Cic. Or. 36, 126.—In augury: perpetua fulmina, perpetual lighlnings, i. e. whose prognostics refer to one's whole life, Sen. Q. N. 2, 47, 1.—C.In gram.:1.perpetuus modus,
the infinitive mood, Diom. p. 331 P. —Hence, adv., in three forms, perpetuo (class.), perpetuum ( poet.), and perpetue (late Lat.).perpĕtŭō, constantly, uninterruptedly, perpetually, always, forever, utterly, hopelessly:2. 3.perpetuon' valuisti?
Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 15:metuo ne technae meae perpetuo perierint,
id. Most. 3, 1, 23:dico ut perpetuo pereas,
id. Pers. 2, 4, 10; so,perpetuo perire,
Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 13:opinionem retinere,
Cic. Agr. 3, 1, 2:loquens,
id. Ac. 2, 19, 63:sub imperio esse,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31; Ov. M. 10, 97.—perpĕtŭē, constantly, Cassiod. in Psa. 62, 4. -
7 perpetuum
per-pĕtŭus, a, um, adj. ( comp. perpetuior, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 601 P.; sup. perpetuissimus, id. ib.) [peto], continuing throughout, continuous, unbroken, uninterrupted; constant, universal, general, entire, whole, perpetual (syn.:II.continuus, assiduus): sulcos perpetuos ducere,
Cato, R. R. 33:quin aedes totae perpetuae ruant,
Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 67:agmen,
Cic. Pis. 22, 51:munitiones,
Caes. B. C. 3, 44:palus,
id. B. G. 7, 26:milites disposuit perpetuis vigiliisque stationibusque,
id. B. C. 1, 21:perpetuis soliti patres considere mensis,
Verg. A. 7, 176:vescitur Aeneas... perpetui tergo bovis,
id. ib. 8, 182:Apenninus perpetuis jugis ab Alpibus tendens ad Siculum fretum,
Plin. 3, 5, 7, § 48:tractus,
id. 6, 20, 23, § 73:oratio perpetua (opp. altercatio),
Cic. Att. 1, 16, 8; cf. Liv. 4, 6:disputatio,
Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 16; id. Top. 26, 97:quaestiones perpetuae hoc adulescente constitutae sunt,
a standing commission, a permanent tribunal for criminal investigation, id. Brut. 27, 105: perpetua historia, a continuous or general history, id. Fam. 5, 12, 2:colere te usque perpetuom diem,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 78:diem perpetuum in laetitiā degere,
this whole day, Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 5:triduum,
id. ib. 4, 1, 4:biennium,
id. Hec. 1, 2, 12:ignis Vestae perpetuus ac sempiternus,
Cic. Cat. 4, 9, 18:lex perpetua et aeterna,
id. N. D. 1, 15, 40:stellarum perennes cursus atque perpetui,
id. ib. 2, 21, 55. stabilis et perpetua permansio, id. Inv. 2, 54, 164:voluntas mea perpetua et constans in rem publicam,
id. Phil. 13, 6, 13:formido,
Verg. E. 4, 14:assidua et perpetua cura,
Cic. Fam. 6, 13, 2:perpetui scrinia Sili,
of the immortal Silius, Mart. 6, 64, 10.—As subst.: perpĕtŭum, i, n., the abiding, permanent (opp. temporale), Lact. 2, 8, 68.—Hence: in perpetuum (sc. tempus), for all time, forever, in perpetuity, constantly: mulier repperit odium ocius Suā inmunditiā, quam in perpetuom ut placeat munditia sua. Plaut. Stich. 5, 5, 6:serva tibi in perpetuom amicum me,
id. Capt. 2, 3, 81:in perpetuum comprimi,
Cic. Cat. 1, 12, 30; id. Agr. 2, 21, 55:obtinere aliquid in perpetuum,
id. Rosc. Am. 48, 139:non in perpetuum irascetur,
Vulg. Psa. 102, 9 et saep.—So, in perpetuum modum = perpetuo, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 5.—In partic.A.That holds constantly and universally, universal, general:B.perpetui juris et universi generis quaestio,
Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 141:nec arbitror perpetuum quicquam in hoc praecipi posse,
Plin. 17, 2, 2, § 19:ne id quidem perpetuum est,
does not always hold good, Cels. 2, 10: illud in quo quasi certamen est controversiae... id ita dici placet, ut traducatur ad perpetuam quaestionem, to a general principle, [p. 1352] Cic. Or. 36, 126.—In augury: perpetua fulmina, perpetual lighlnings, i. e. whose prognostics refer to one's whole life, Sen. Q. N. 2, 47, 1.—C.In gram.:1.perpetuus modus,
the infinitive mood, Diom. p. 331 P. —Hence, adv., in three forms, perpetuo (class.), perpetuum ( poet.), and perpetue (late Lat.).perpĕtŭō, constantly, uninterruptedly, perpetually, always, forever, utterly, hopelessly:2. 3.perpetuon' valuisti?
Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 15:metuo ne technae meae perpetuo perierint,
id. Most. 3, 1, 23:dico ut perpetuo pereas,
id. Pers. 2, 4, 10; so,perpetuo perire,
Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 13:opinionem retinere,
Cic. Agr. 3, 1, 2:loquens,
id. Ac. 2, 19, 63:sub imperio esse,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31; Ov. M. 10, 97.—perpĕtŭē, constantly, Cassiod. in Psa. 62, 4. -
8 perpetuus
per-pĕtŭus, a, um, adj. ( comp. perpetuior, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 601 P.; sup. perpetuissimus, id. ib.) [peto], continuing throughout, continuous, unbroken, uninterrupted; constant, universal, general, entire, whole, perpetual (syn.:II.continuus, assiduus): sulcos perpetuos ducere,
Cato, R. R. 33:quin aedes totae perpetuae ruant,
Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 67:agmen,
Cic. Pis. 22, 51:munitiones,
Caes. B. C. 3, 44:palus,
id. B. G. 7, 26:milites disposuit perpetuis vigiliisque stationibusque,
id. B. C. 1, 21:perpetuis soliti patres considere mensis,
Verg. A. 7, 176:vescitur Aeneas... perpetui tergo bovis,
id. ib. 8, 182:Apenninus perpetuis jugis ab Alpibus tendens ad Siculum fretum,
Plin. 3, 5, 7, § 48:tractus,
id. 6, 20, 23, § 73:oratio perpetua (opp. altercatio),
Cic. Att. 1, 16, 8; cf. Liv. 4, 6:disputatio,
Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 16; id. Top. 26, 97:quaestiones perpetuae hoc adulescente constitutae sunt,
a standing commission, a permanent tribunal for criminal investigation, id. Brut. 27, 105: perpetua historia, a continuous or general history, id. Fam. 5, 12, 2:colere te usque perpetuom diem,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 78:diem perpetuum in laetitiā degere,
this whole day, Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 5:triduum,
id. ib. 4, 1, 4:biennium,
id. Hec. 1, 2, 12:ignis Vestae perpetuus ac sempiternus,
Cic. Cat. 4, 9, 18:lex perpetua et aeterna,
id. N. D. 1, 15, 40:stellarum perennes cursus atque perpetui,
id. ib. 2, 21, 55. stabilis et perpetua permansio, id. Inv. 2, 54, 164:voluntas mea perpetua et constans in rem publicam,
id. Phil. 13, 6, 13:formido,
Verg. E. 4, 14:assidua et perpetua cura,
Cic. Fam. 6, 13, 2:perpetui scrinia Sili,
of the immortal Silius, Mart. 6, 64, 10.—As subst.: perpĕtŭum, i, n., the abiding, permanent (opp. temporale), Lact. 2, 8, 68.—Hence: in perpetuum (sc. tempus), for all time, forever, in perpetuity, constantly: mulier repperit odium ocius Suā inmunditiā, quam in perpetuom ut placeat munditia sua. Plaut. Stich. 5, 5, 6:serva tibi in perpetuom amicum me,
id. Capt. 2, 3, 81:in perpetuum comprimi,
Cic. Cat. 1, 12, 30; id. Agr. 2, 21, 55:obtinere aliquid in perpetuum,
id. Rosc. Am. 48, 139:non in perpetuum irascetur,
Vulg. Psa. 102, 9 et saep.—So, in perpetuum modum = perpetuo, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 5.—In partic.A.That holds constantly and universally, universal, general:B.perpetui juris et universi generis quaestio,
Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 141:nec arbitror perpetuum quicquam in hoc praecipi posse,
Plin. 17, 2, 2, § 19:ne id quidem perpetuum est,
does not always hold good, Cels. 2, 10: illud in quo quasi certamen est controversiae... id ita dici placet, ut traducatur ad perpetuam quaestionem, to a general principle, [p. 1352] Cic. Or. 36, 126.—In augury: perpetua fulmina, perpetual lighlnings, i. e. whose prognostics refer to one's whole life, Sen. Q. N. 2, 47, 1.—C.In gram.:1.perpetuus modus,
the infinitive mood, Diom. p. 331 P. —Hence, adv., in three forms, perpetuo (class.), perpetuum ( poet.), and perpetue (late Lat.).perpĕtŭō, constantly, uninterruptedly, perpetually, always, forever, utterly, hopelessly:2. 3.perpetuon' valuisti?
Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 15:metuo ne technae meae perpetuo perierint,
id. Most. 3, 1, 23:dico ut perpetuo pereas,
id. Pers. 2, 4, 10; so,perpetuo perire,
Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 13:opinionem retinere,
Cic. Agr. 3, 1, 2:loquens,
id. Ac. 2, 19, 63:sub imperio esse,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31; Ov. M. 10, 97.—perpĕtŭē, constantly, Cassiod. in Psa. 62, 4. -
9 ad
ad, prep. with acc. (from the fourth century after Christ written also at; Etrusc. suf. -a; Osc. az; Umbr. and Old Lat. ar, as [p. 27] in Eug. Tab., in S. C. de Bacch., as arveho for adveho; arfuerunt, arfuisse, for adfuerunt, etc.; arbiter for adbiter; so, ar me advenias, Plant. Truc. 2, 2, 17; cf. Prisc. 559 P.; Vel. Long. 2232 P.; Fabretti, Glos. Ital. col. 5) [cf. Sanscr. adhi; Goth. and Eng. at; Celt. pref. ar, as armor, i.e. ad mare; Rom. a].I.As antith. to ab (as in to ex), in a progressive order of relation, ad denotes, first, the direction toward an object; then the reaching of or attaining to it; and finally, the being at or near it.A.In space.1.Direction toward, to, toward, and first,a.Horizontally:b.fugere ad puppim colles campique videntur,
the hills and fields appear to fly toward the ship, Lucr. 4, 390: meridie umbrae cadunt ad septentrionem, ortu vero ad occasum, to or toward the north and west, Plin. 2, 13, and so often of the geog. position of a place in reference to the points of compass, with the verbs jacere, vergere, spectare, etc.:Asia jacet ad meridiem et austrum, Europa ad septentriones et aquiionem,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 31 Mull.;and in Plin. very freq.: Creta ad austrum... ad septentrionem versa, 4, 20: ad Atticam vergente, 4, 21 al.—Also trop.: animus alius ad alia vitia propensior,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 81.—In a direction upwards (esp. in the poets, very freq.): manusque sursum ad caelum sustulit, Naev. ap. Non. 116, 30 (B. Pun. p. 13, ed. Vahl.): manus ad caeli templa tendebam lacrimans, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 50 ed. Vahl.); cf.:c.duplices tendens ad sidera palmas,
Verg. A. 1, 93: molem ex profundo saxeam ad caelum vomit, Att. ap. Prisc. 1325 P.: clamor ad caelum volvendus, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 104 Mull. (Ann. v. 520 ed. Vahl.) (cf. with this: tollitur in caelum clamor, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, or Ann. v. 422):ad caelumque ferat flammai fulgura rursum, of Aetna,
Lucr. 1, 725; cf. id. 2, 191; 2, 325: sidera sola micant;ad quae sua bracchia tendens, etc.,
Ov. M. 7, 188:altitudo pertingit ad caelum,
Vulg. Dan. 4, 17.—Also in the direction downwards (for the usu. in):2.tardiore semper ad terras omnium quae geruntur in caelo effectu cadente quam visu,
Plin. 2, 97, 99, § 216.The point or goal at which any thing arrives.a.Without reference to the space traversed in passing, to, toward (the most common use of this prep.): cum stupro redire ad suos popularis, Naev. ap. Fest. p. 317 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 14 ed. Vahl.):(α).ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videatur potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,
Cic. Lael. 3, 12: ad terras decidat aether, Lucan. 2, 58. —Hence,With verbs which designate going, coming, moving, bearing, bringing near, adapting, taking, receiving, calling, exciting, admonishing, etc., when the verb is compounded with ad the prep. is not always repeated, but the constr. with the dat. or acc. employed; cf. Rudd. II. pp. 154, 175 n. (In the ante-class. per., and even in Cic., ad is generally repeated with most verbs, as, ad eos accedit, Cic. Sex. Rosc. 8:(β).ad Sullam adire,
id. ib. 25:ad se adferre,
id. Verr. 4, 50:reticulum ad naris sibi admovebat,
id. ib. 5, 27:ad laborem adhortantur,
id. de Sen. 14:T. Vectium ad se arcessit,
id. Verr. 5, 114; but the poets of the Aug. per., and the historians, esp. Tac., prefer the dative; also, when the compound verb contains merely the idea of approach, the constr. with ad and the acc. is employed; but when it designates increase, that with the dat. is more usual: accedit ad urbem, he approaches the city; but, accedit provinciae, it is added to the province.)—Ad me, te, se, for domum meam, tuam, suam (in Plaut. and Ter. very freq.):(γ).oratus sum venire ad te huc,
Plaut. Mil. 5, 1, 12: spectatores plaudite atque ite ad vos comissatum, id. Stich. fin.:eamus ad me,
Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 64:ancillas traduce huc ad vos,
id. Heaut. 4, 4, 22:transeundumst tibi ad Menedemum,
id. 4, 4, 17: intro nos vocat ad sese, tenet intus apud se, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 86 P.:te oro, ut ad me Vibonem statim venias,
Cic. Att. 3, 3; 16, 10 al.—Ad, with the name of a deity in the gen., is elliptical for ad templum or aedem (cf.:(δ).Thespiadas, quae ad aedem Felicitatis sunt,
Cic. Verr. 4, 4; id. Phil. 2, 35:in aedem Veneris,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 120;in aedem Concordiae,
Cic. Cat. 3, 9, 21;2, 6, 12): ad Dianae,
to the temple of, Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 43:ad Opis,
Cic. Att. 8, 1, 14:ad Castoris,
id. Quint. 17:ad Juturnae,
id. Clu. 101:ad Vestae,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 35 al.: cf. Rudd. II. p. 41, n. 4, and p. 334.—With verbs which denote a giving, sending, informing, submitting, etc., it is used for the simple dat. (Rudd. II. p. 175): litteras dare ad aliquem, to send or write one a letter; and: litteras dare alicui, to give a letter to one; hence Cic. never says, like Caesar and Sall., alicui scribere, which strictly means, to write for one (as a receipt, etc.), but always mittere, scribere, perscribere ad aliquem:(ε).postea ad pistores dabo,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 119:praecipe quae ad patrem vis nuntiari,
id. Capt. 2, 2, 109:in servitutem pauperem ad divitem dare,
Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 48:nam ad me Publ. Valerius scripsit,
Cic. Fam. 14, 2 med.:de meis rebus ad Lollium perscripsi,
id. ib. 5, 3:velim domum ad te scribas, ut mihi tui libri pateant,
id. Att. 4, 14; cf. id. ib. 4, 16:ad primam (sc. epistulam) tibi hoc scribo,
in answer to your first, id. ib. 3, 15, 2:ad Q. Fulvium Cons. Hirpini et Lucani dediderunt sese,
Liv. 27, 15, 1; cf. id. 28, 22, 5.—Hence the phrase: mittere or scribere librum ad aliquem, to dedicate a book to one (Greek, prosphônein):has res ad te scriptas, Luci, misimus, Aeli,
Lucil. Sat. 1, ap. Auct. Her. 4, 12:quae institueram, ad te mittam,
Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5: ego interea admonitu tuo perfeci sane argutulos libros ad Varronem;and soon after: mihi explices velim, maneasne in sententia, ut mittam ad eum quae scripsi,
Cic. Att. 13, 18; cf. ib. 16; Plin. 1, 19.—So in titles of books: M. Tullii Ciceronis ad Marcum Brutum Orator; M. T. Cic. ad Q. Fratrem Dialogi tres de Oratore, etc.—In the titles of odes and epigrams ad aliquem signifies to, addressed to. —With names of towns after verbs of motion, ad is used in answer to the question Whither? instead of the simple acc.; but commonly with this difference, that ad denotes to the vicinity of, the neighborhood of:(ζ).miles ad Capuam profectus sum, quintoque anno post ad Tarentum,
Cic. de Sen. 4, 10; id. Fam. 3, 81:ad Veios,
Liv. 5, 19; 14, 18; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 7; id. B. C. 3, 40 al.—Ad is regularly used when the proper name has an appellative in apposition to it:ad Cirtam oppidum iter constituunt,
Sall. J. 81, 2; so Curt. 3, 1, 22; 4, 9, 9;or when it is joined with usque,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 34, § 87; id. Deiot, 7, 19.— (When an adjective is added, the simple acc. is used poet., as well as with ad:magnum iter ad doctas proficisci cogor Athenas,
Prop. 3, 21, 1; the simple acc., Ov. H. 2, 83: doctas jam nunc eat, inquit, Athenas).—With verbs which imply a hostile movement toward, or protection in respect to any thing, against = adversus:(η).nonne ad senem aliquam fabricam fingit?
Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 34:Lernaeas pugnet ad hydras,
Prop. 3, 19, 9: neque quo pacto fallam, nec quem dolum ad eum aut machinam commoliar, old poet in Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 73:Belgarum copias ad se venire vidit,
Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 7, 70:ipse ad hostem vehitur,
Nep. Dat. 4, 5; id. Dion. 5, 4: Romulus ad regem impetus facit (a phrase in which in is commonly found), Liv. 1, 5, 7, and 44, 3, 10:aliquem ad hostem ducere,
Tac. A. 2, 52:clipeos ad tela protecti obiciunt,
Verg. A. 2, 443:munio me ad haec tempora,
Cic. Fam. 9, 18:ad hos omnes casus provisa erant praesidia,
Caes. B. G. 7, 65; 7, 41;so with nouns: medicamentum ad aquam intercutem,
Cic. Off. 3, 24:remedium ad tertianam,
Petr. Sat. 18:munimen ad imbris,
Verg. G. 2, 352:farina cum melle ad tussim siccam efficasissima est,
Plin. 20, 22, 89, § 243:ad muliebre ingenium efficaces preces,
Liv. 1, 9; 1, 19 (in these two passages ad may have the force of apud, Hand).—The repetition of ad to denote the direction to a place and to a person present in it is rare:b.nunc tu abi ad forum ad herum,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 100; cf.:vocatis classico ad concilium militibus ad tribunos,
Liv. 5 47.—(The distinction between ad and in is given by Diom. 409 P., thus: in forum ire est in ipsum forum intrare; ad forum autem ire, in locum foro proximum; ut in tribunal et ad tribunal venire non unum est; quia ad tribunal venit litigator, in tribunal vero praetor aut judex; cf. also Sen. Ep. 73, 14, deus ad homines venit, immo, quod propius est, in homines venit.)—The terminus, with ref. to the space traversed, to, even to, with or without usque, Quint. 10, 7, 16: ingurgitavit usque ad imum gutturem, Naev. ap. Non. 207, 20 (Rib. Com. Rel. p. 30): dictator pervehitur usque ad oppidum, Naev. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 153 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 16 ed. Vahl.):3.via pejor ad usque Baii moenia,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 96; 1, 1, 97:rigidum permanat frigus ad ossa,
Lucr. 1, 355; 1, 969:cum sudor ad imos Manaret talos,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 10:ut quantum posset, agmen ad mare extenderet,
Curt. 3, 9, 10:laeva pars ad pectus est nuda,
id. 6, 5, 27 al. —Hence the Plinian expression, petere aliquid (usque) ad aliquem, to seek something everywhere, even with one:ut ad Aethiopas usque peteretur,
Plin. 36, 6, 9, § 51 (where Jan now reads ab Aethiopia); so,vestis ad Seras peti,
id. 12, 1, 1.— Trop.:si quid poscam, usque ad ravim poscam,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 10:deverberasse usque ad necem,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 13;without usque: hic ad incitas redactus,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 136; 4, 2, 52; id. Poen. 4, 2, 85; illud ad incitas cum redit atque internecionem, Lucil. ap. Non. 123, 20:virgis ad necem caedi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 29, § 70; so Hor. S. 1, 2, 42; Liv. 24, 38, 9; Tac. A. 11, 37; Suet. Ner. 26; id. Dom. 8 al.Nearness or proximity in gen. = apud, near to, by, at, close by (in anteclass. per. very freq.; not rare later, esp. in the historians): pendent peniculamenta unum ad quemque pedum, trains are suspended at each foot, Enn. ap. Non. 149, 33 (Ann. v. 363 ed. Vahl.):B.ut in servitute hic ad suum maneat patrem,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 3, 98;3, 5, 41: sol quasi flagitator astat usque ad ostium,
stands like a creditor continually at the door, id. Most. 3, 2, 81 (cf. with same force, Att. ap. Non. 522, 25;apud ipsum astas): ad foris adsistere,
Cic. Verr. 1, 66; id. Arch. 24:astiterunt ad januam,
Vulg. Act. 10, 17:non adest ad exercitum,
Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 6; cf. ib. prol. 133:aderant ad spectaculum istud,
Vulg. Luc. 23, 48: has (testas) e fenestris in caput Deiciunt, qui prope ad ostium adspiraverunt, Lucil. ap. Non. 288, 31:et nec opinanti Mors ad caput adstitit,
Lucr. 3, 959:quod Romanis ad manum domi supplementum esset,
at hand, Liv. 9, 19, 6:haec arma habere ad manum,
Quint. 12, 5, 1:dominum esse ad villam,
Cic. Sull. 20; so id. Verr. 2, 21:errantem ad flumina,
Verg. E. 6, 64; Tib. 1, 10, 38; Plin. 7, 2, § 12; Vitr. 7, 14; 7, 12; and ellipt. (cf. supra, 2. g):pecunia utinam ad Opis maneret!
Cic. Phil. 1, 17.—Even of persons:qui primum pilum ad Caesarem duxerat (for apud),
Caes. B. G. 6, 38; so id. ib. 1, 31; 3, 9; 5, 53; 7, 5; id. B. C. 3, 60:ad inferos poenas parricidii luent,
among, Cic. Phil. 14, 13:neque segnius ad hostes bellum apparatur,
Liv. 7, 7, 4: pugna ad Trebiam, ad Trasimenum, ad Cannas, etc., for which Liv. also uses the gen.:si Trasimeni quam Trebiae, si Cannarum quam Trasimeni pugna nobilior esset, 23, 43, 4.—Sometimes used to form the name of a place, although written separately, e. g. ad Murcim,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 154:villa ad Gallinas, a villa on the Flaminian Way,
Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 37: ad urbem esse (of generals), to remain outside the city (Rome) until permission was given for a triumph:“Esse ad urbem dicebantur, qui cum potestate provinciali aut nuper e provincia revertissent, aut nondum in provinciam profecti essent... solebant autem, qui ob res in provincia gestas triumphum peterent, extra urbem exspectare, donec, lege lata, triumphantes urbem introire possent,”
Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 3, 8.—So sometimes with names of towns and verbs of rest:pons, qui erat ad Genavam,
Caes. B. G. 1, 7:ad Tibur mortem patri minatus est,
Cic. Phil. 6, 4, 10:conchas ad Caietam legunt,
id. Or. 2, 6:ad forum esse,
to be at the market, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 136; id. Most. 3, 2, 158; cf. Ter. Ph. 4, 2, 8; id. And. 1, 5, 19.—Hence, adverb., ad dextram (sc. manum, partem), ad laevam, ad sinistram, to the right, to the left, or on the right, on the left:ad dextram,
Att. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 225; Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 1; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 44; Cic. Univ. 13; Caes. B. C. 1, 69:ad laevam,
Enn. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 51; Att. ib. p. 217: ad sinistram, Ter. [p. 28] Ad. 4, 2, 43 al.:ad dextram... ad laevam,
Liv. 40, 6;and with an ordinal number: cum plebes ad tertium milliarium consedisset,
at the third milestone, Cic. Brut. 14, 54, esp. freq. with lapis:sepultus ad quintum lapidem,
Nep. Att. 22, 4; so Liv. 3, 69 al.; Tac. H. 3, 18; 4, 60 (with apud, Ann. 1, 45; 3, 45; 15, 60) al.; cf. Rudd. II. p. 287.In time, analogous to the relations given in A.1.Direction toward, i. e. approach to a definite point of time, about, toward:2.domum reductus ad vesperum,
toward evening, Cic. Lael. 3, 12:cum ad hiemem me ex Cilicia recepissem,
toward winter, id. Fam. 3, 7.—The limit or boundary to which a space of time extends, with and without usque, till, until, to, even to, up to:3.ego ad illud frugi usque et probus fui,
Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 53:philosophia jacuit usque ad hanc aetatem,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. de Sen. 14:quid si hic manebo potius ad meridiem,
Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 55; so id. Men. 5, 7, 33; id. Ps. 1, 5, 116; id. As. 2, 1, 5:ad multam noctem,
Cic. de Sen. 14:Sophocles ad summam senectutem tragoedias fecit,
id. ib. 2; cf. id. Rep. 1, 1:Alexandream se proficisci velle dixit (Aratus) remque integram ad reditum suum jussit esse,
id. Off. 2, 23, 82:bestiae ex se natos amant ad quoddam tempus,
id. Lael. 8; so id. de Sen. 6; id. Somn. Sc. 1 al. —And with ab or ab-usque, to desig. the whole period of time passed away:ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,
Cic. Att. 7, 8:usque ab aurora ad hoc diei,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 8.—Coincidence with a point of time, at, on, in, by:C.praesto fuit ad horam destinatam,
at the appointed hour, Cic. Tusc. 5, 22:admonuit ut pecuniam ad diem solverent,
on the day of payment, id. Att. 16, 16 A:nostra ad diem dictam fient,
id. Fam. 16, 10, 4; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 5: ad lucem denique arte et graviter dormitare coepisse, at (not toward) daybreak, id. Div. 1, 28, 59; so id. Att. 1, 3, 2; 1, 4, 3; id. Fin. 2, 31, 103; id. Brut. 97, 313:ad id tempus,
Caes. B. C. 1, 24; Sall. J. 70, 5; Tac. A. 15, 60; Suet. Aug. 87; Domit. 17, 21 al.The relations of number.1.An approximation to a sum designated, near, near to, almost, about, toward (cf. Gr. epi, pros with acc. and the Fr. pres de, a peu pres, presque) = circiter (Hand, Turs. I. p. 102):2.ad quadraginta eam posse emi minas,
Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 111:nummorum Philippum ad tria milia,
id. Trin. 1, 2, 115; sometimes with quasi added:quasi ad quadraginta minas,
as it were about, id. Most. 3, 1, 95; so Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 93:sane frequentes fuimus omnino ad ducentos,
Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1:cum annos ad quadraginta natus esset,
id. Clu. 40, 110:ad hominum milia decem,
Caes. B. G. 1, 4:oppida numero ad duodecim, vicos ad quadringentos,
id. ib. 1, 5.—In the histt. and post-Aug. authors ad is added adverbially in this sense (contrary to Gr. usage, by which amphi, peri, and eis with numerals retain their power as prepositions): ad binum milium numero utrinque sauciis factis, Sisenn. ap. Non. 80, 4:occisis ad hominum milibus quattuor,
Caes. B. G. 2, 33:ad duorum milium numero ceciderunt,
id. B. C. 3, 53:ad duo milia et trecenti occisi,
Liv. 10, 17, 8; so id. 27, 12, 16; Suet. Caes. 20; cf. Rudd. II. p. 334.—The terminus, the limit, to, unto, even to, a designated number (rare):D.ranam luridam conicere in aquam usque quo ad tertiam partem decoxeris,
Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 26; cf. App. Herb. 41:aedem Junonis ad partem dimidiam detegit,
even to the half, Liv. 42, 3, 2:miles (viaticum) ad assem perdiderat,
to a farthing, to the last farthing, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 27; Plin. Ep. 1, 15:quid ad denarium solveretur,
Cic. Quint. 4.—The phrase omnes ad unum or ad unum omnes, or simply ad unum, means lit. all to one, i. e. all together, all without exception; Gr. hoi kath hena pantes (therefore the gender of unum is changed according to that of omnes): praetor omnes extra castra, ut stercus, foras ejecit ad unum, Lucil. ap. Non. 394, 22:de amicitia omnes ad unum idem sentiunt,
Cic. Lael. 23:ad unum omnes cum ipso duce occisi sunt,
Curt. 4, 1, 22 al.:naves Rhodias afflixit ita, ut ad unam omnes constratae eliderentur,
Caes. B. C. 3, 27; onerariae omnes ad unam a nobis sunt exceptae, Cic. Fam. 12, 14 (cf. in Gr. hoi kath hena; in Hebr., Exod. 14, 28).— Ad unum without omnes:ego eam sententiam dixi, cui sunt assensi ad unum,
Cic. Fam. 10, 16:Juppiter omnipotens si nondum exosus ad unum Trojanos,
Verg. A. 5, 687.In the manifold relations of one object to another.1.That in respect of or in regard to which a thing avails, happens, or is true or important, with regard to, in respect of, in relation to, as to, to, in.a.With verbs:b.ad omnia alia aetate sapimus rectius,
in respect to all other things we grow wiser by age, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 45:numquam ita quisquam bene ad vitam fuat,
id. ib. 5, 4, 1:nil ibi libatum de toto corpore (mortui) cernas ad speciem, nil ad pondus,
that nothing is lost in form or weight, Lucr. 3, 214; cf. id. 5, 570; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 21, § 58; id. Mur. 13, 29: illi regi Cyro subest, ad immutandi animi licentiam, crudelissimus ille Phalaris, in that Cyrus, in regard to the liberty of changing his disposition (i. e. not in reality, but inasmuch as he is at liberty to lay aside his good character, and assume that of a tyrant), there is concealed another cruel Phalaris, Cic. Rep. 1, 28:nil est ad nos,
is nothing to us, concerns us not, Lucr. 3, 830; 3, 845:nil ad me attinet,
Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 54:nihil ad rem pertinet,
Cic. Caecin. 58;and in the same sense elliptically: nihil ad Epicurum,
id. Fin. 1, 2, 5; id. Pis. 68:Quid ad praetorem?
id. Verr. 1, 116 (this usage is not to be confounded with that under 4.).—With adjectives:c.ad has res perspicax,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:virum ad cetera egregium,
Liv. 37, 7, 15:auxiliaribus ad pugnam non multum Crassus confidebat,
Caes. B. G. 3, 25:ejus frater aliquantum ad rem est avidior,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51; cf. id. And. 1, 2, 21; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:ut sit potior, qui prior ad dandum est,
id. Phorm. 3, 2, 48:difficilis (res) ad credendum,
Lucr. 2, 1027:ad rationem sollertiamque praestantior,
Cic. N. D. 2, 62; so id. Leg. 2, 13, 33; id. Fin. 2, 20, 63; id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; id. Font. 15; id. Cat. 1, 5, 12; id. de Or. 1, 25, 113; 1, 32, 146; 2, 49, 200; id. Fam. 3, 1, 1; Liv. 9, 16, 13; Tac. A. 12, 54 al.—With nouns:d.prius quam tuum, ut sese habeat, animum ad nuptias perspexerit,
before he knew your feeling in regard to the marriage, Ter. And. 2, 3, 4 (cf. Gr. hopôs echei tis pros ti):mentis ad omnia caecitas,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 11:magna vis est fortunae in utramque partem vel ad secundas res vel ad adversas,
id. Off. 2, 6; so id. Par. 1:ad cetera paene gemelli,
Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 3.—So with acc. of gerund instead of the gen. from the same vb.:facultas ad scribendum, instead of scribendi,
Cic. Font. 6;facultas ad agendum,
id. de Imp. Pomp. 1, 2: cf. Rudd. II. p. 245.—In gramm.: nomina ad aliquid dicta, nouns used in relation to something, i. e. which derive their significance from their relation to another object: quae non possunt intellegi sola, ut pater, mater;2.jungunt enim sibi et illa propter quae intelleguntur,
Charis. 129 P.; cf. Prisc. 580 ib.—With words denoting measure, weight, manner, model, rule, etc., both prop. and fig., according to, agreeably to, after (Gr. kata, pros):3.columnas ad perpendiculum exigere,
Cic. Mur. 77:taleis ferreis ad certum pondus examinatis,
Caes. B. G. 5, 12: facta sunt ad certam formam. Lucr. 2, 379:ad amussim non est numerus,
Varr. 2, 1, 26:ad imaginem facere,
Vulg. Gen. 1, 26:ad cursus lunae describit annum,
Liv. 1, 19:omnia ad diem facta sunt,
Caes. B. G. 2, 5:Id ad similitudinem panis efficiebant,
id. B. C. 3, 48; Vulg. Gen. 1, 26; id. Jac. 3, 9:ad aequos flexus,
at equal angles, Lucr. 4, 323: quasi ad tornum levantur, to or by the lathe, id. 4, 361:turres ad altitudiem valli,
Caes. B. G. 5, 42; Liv. 39, 6:ad eandem crassitudinem structi,
id. 44, 11:ad speciem cancellorum scenicorum,
with the appearance of, like, Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 8:stagnum maris instar, circumseptum aedificiis ad urbium speciem,
Suet. Ner. 31:lascivum pecus ludens ad cantum,
Liv. Andron. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 1:canere ad tibiam,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 2: canere ad tibicinem, id. ib. 1, 2 (cf.:in numerum ludere,
Verg. E. 6, 28; id. G. 4, 175):quod ad Aristophanis lucernam lucubravi,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 9 Mull.: carmen castigare ad unguem, to perfection (v. unguis), Hor. A. P. 294:ad unguem factus homo,
a perfect gentleman, id. S. 1, 5, 32 (cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 86):ad istorum normam sapientes,
Cic. Lael. 5, 18; id. Mur. 3:Cyrus non ad historiae fidem scriptus, sed ad effigiem justi imperii,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:exercemur in venando ad similitudinem bellicae disciplinae,
id. N. D. 2, 64, 161: so,ad simulacrum,
Liv. 40, 6:ad Punica ingenia,
id. 21, 22:ad L. Crassi eloquentiam,
Cic. Var. Fragm. 8:omnia fient ad verum,
Juv. 6, 324:quid aut ad naturam aut contra sit,
Cic. Fin. 1, 9, 30:ad hunc modum institutus est,
id. Tusc. 2, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 31; 3, 13:ad eundem istunc modum,
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 70:quem ad modum, q. v.: ad istam faciem est morbus, qui me macerat,
of that kind, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 73; id. Merc. 2, 3, 90; cf.91: cujus ad arbitrium copia materiai cogitur,
Lucr. 2, 281:ad eorum arbitrium et nutum totos se fingunt,
to their will and pleasure, Cic. Or. 8, 24; id. Quint. 71:ad P. Lentuli auctoritatem Roma contendit,
id. Rab. Post. 21:aliae sunt legati partes, aliae imperatoris: alter omnia agere ad praescriptum, alter libere ad summam rerum consulere debet,
Caes. B. C. 3, 51:rebus ad voluntatem nostram fluentibus,
Cic. Off. 1, 26:rem ad illorum libidinem judicarunt,
id. Font. 36:ad vulgi opinionem,
id. Off. 3, 21.—So in later Lat. with instar:ad instar castrorum,
Just. 36, 3, 2:scoparum,
App. M. 9, p. 232:speculi,
id. ib. 2, p. 118: ad hoc instar mundi, id. de Mundo, p. 72.—Sometimes, but very rarely, ad is used absol. in this sense (so also very rarely kata with acc., Xen. Hell. 2, 3; Luc. Dial. Deor. 8): convertier ad nos, as we (are turned), Lucr. 4, 317:ad navis feratur,
like ships, id. 4, 897 Munro. —With noun:ad specus angustiac vallium,
like caves, Caes. B. C. 3, 49.—Hence,With an object which is the cause or reason, in conformity to which, from which, or for which, any thing is or is done.a.The moving cause, according to, at, on, in consequence of:b.cetera pars animae paret et ad numen mentis momenque movetur,
Lucr. 3, 144:ad horum preces in Boeotiam duxit,
on their entreaty, Liv. 42, 67, 12: ad ea Caesar veniam ipsique et conjugi et fratribus tribuit, in consequence of or upon this, he, etc., Tac. Ann. 12, 37.—The final cause, or the object, end, or aim, for the attainment of which any thing,(α).is done,(β).is designed, or,(γ). (α).Seque ad ludos jam inde abhinc exerceant, Pac. ap. Charis. p. 175 P. (Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 80):(β).venimus coctum ad nuptias,
in order to cook for the wedding, Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 15:omnis ad perniciem instructa domus,
id. Bacch. 3, 1, 6; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 41; Liv. 1, 54:cum fingis falsas causas ad discordiam,
in order to produce dissension, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 71:quantam fenestram ad nequitiam patefeceris,
id. Heaut. 3, 1, 72:utrum ille, qui postulat legatum ad tantum bellum, quem velit, idoneus non est, qui impetret, cum ceteri ad expilandos socios diripiendasque provincias, quos voluerunt, legatos eduxerint,
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 19, 57:ego vitam quoad putabo tua interesse, aut ad spem servandam esse, retinebo,
for hope, id. Q. Fr. 1, 4; id. Fam. 5, 17:haec juventutem, ubi familiares opes defecerant, ad facinora incendebant,
Sall. C. 13, 4:ad speciem atque ad usurpationem vetustatis,
Cic. Agr. 2, 12, 31; Suet. Caes. 67:paucis ad speciem tabernaculis relictis,
for appearance, Caes. B. C. 2, 35; so id. ib. 2, 41; id. B. G. 1, 51.—Aut equos alere aut canes ad venandum. Ter. And. 1, 1, 30:(γ).ingenio egregie ad miseriam natus sum,
id. Heaut. 3, 1, 11;(in the same sense: in rem,
Hor. C. 1, 27, 1, and the dat., Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 6):ad cursum equum, ad arandum bovem, ad indagandum canem,
Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 40:ad frena leones,
Verg. A. 10, 253:delecto ad naves milite,
marines, Liv. 22, 19 Weissenb.:servos ad remum,
rowers, id. 34, 6; and:servos ad militiam emendos,
id. 22, 61, 2:comparasti ad lecticam homines,
Cat. 10, 16:Lygdamus ad cyathos,
Prop. 4, 8, 37; cf.:puer ad cyathum statuetur,
Hor. C. 1, 29, 8.—Quae oportet Signa esse [p. 29] ad salutem, omnia huic osse video, everything indicative of prosperity I see in him, Ter. And. 3, 2, 2:4.haec sunt ad virtutem omnia,
id. Heaut. 1, 2, 33:causa ad objurgandum,
id. And. 1, 1, 123:argumentum ad scribendum,
Cic. Att. 9, 7 (in both examples instead of the gen. of gerund., cf. Rudd. II. p. 245):vinum murteum est ad alvum crudam,
Cato R. R. 125:nulla res tantum ad dicendum proficit, quantum scriptio,
Cic. Brut. 24:reliquis rebus, quae sunt ad incendia,
Caes. B. C. 3, 101 al. —So with the adjectives idoneus, utilis, aptus, instead of the dat.:homines ad hanc rem idoneos,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 6:calcei habiles et apti ad pedem,
Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 231:orator aptus tamen ad dicendum,
id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5:sus est ad vescendum hominibus apta,
id. N. D. 2, 64, 160:homo ad nullam rem utilis,
id. Off. 3, 6:ad segetes ingeniosus ager,
Ov. F. 4, 684.—(Upon the connection of ad with the gerund. v. Zumpt, § 666; Rudd. II. p. 261.)—Comparison (since that with which a thing is compared is considered as an object to which the thing compared is brought near for the sake of comparison), to, compared to or with, in comparison with:E.ad sapientiam hujus ille (Thales) nimius nugator fuit,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 25; id. Trin. 3, 2, 100:ne comparandus hic quidem ad illum'st,
Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 14; 2, 3, 69:terra ad universi caeli complexum,
compared with the whole extent of the heavens, Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:homini non ad cetera Punica ingenia callido,
Liv. 22, 22, 15:at nihil ad nostram hanc,
nothing in comparison with, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 70; so Cic. Deiot. 8, 24; and id. de Or. 2, 6, 25.Adverbial phrases with ad.1.Ad omnia, withal, to crown all:2.ingentem vim peditum equitumque venire: ex India elephantos: ad omnia tantum advehi auri, etc.,
Liv. 35, 32, 4.—Ad hoc and ad haec (in the historians, esp. from the time of Livy, and in authors after the Aug. per.), = praeterea, insuper, moreover, besides, in addition, epi toutois:3.nam quicumque impudicus, adulter, ganeo, etc.: praeterea omnes undique parricidae, etc.: ad hoc, quos manus atque lingua perjurio aut sanguine civili alebat: postremo omnes, quos, etc.,
Sall. C. 14, 2 and 3:his opinionibus inflato animo, ad hoc vitio quoque ingenii vehemens,
Liv. 6, 11, 6; 42, 1, 1; Tac. H. 1, 6; Suet. Aug. 22 al.—Ad id quod, beside that (very rare):4.ad id quod sua sponte satis conlectum animorum erat, indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur,
Liv. 3, 62, 1; so 44, 37, 12.—Ad tempus.a.At a definite, fixed time, Cic. Att. 13, 45; Liv. 38, 25, 3.—b.At a fit, appropriate time, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 141; Liv. 1, 7, 13.—c.For some time, for a short time, Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27; id. Lael. 15, 53; Liv. 21, 25, 14.—d.According to circumstances, Cic. Planc. 30, 74; id. Cael. 6, 13; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9.—5.Ad praesens (for the most part only in post-Aug. writers).a.For the moment, for a short time, Cic. Fam. 12, 8; Plin. 8, 22, 34; Tac. A. 4, 21.—b.At present, now, Tac. A. 16, 5; id. H. 1, 44.—So, ad praesentiam, Tac. A. 11, 8.—6.Ad locum, on the spot:7.ut ad locum miles esset paratus,
Liv. 27, 27, 2.—Ad verbum, word for word, literally, Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4; id. de Or. 1, 34, 157; id. Ac. 2, 44, 135 al.—8.Ad summam.a. b. 9.Ad extremum, ad ultimum, ad postremum.a. (α).Of place, at the extremity, extreme point, top, etc.:(β).missile telum hastili abiegno et cetera tereti, praeterquam ad extremum, unde ferrum exstabat,
Liv. 21, 8, 10.—Of time = telos de, at last, finally:(γ).ibi ad postremum cedit miles,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 52; so id. Poen. 4, 2, 22; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 89; id. Phil. 13, 20, 45; Caes. B. G. 7, 53; Liv. 30, 15, 4 al.— Hence,of order, finally, lastly, = denique: inventa componere; tum ornare oratione; post memoria sepire;b.ad extremum agere cum dignitate,
Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 142.—In Liv., to the last degree, quite: improbus homo, sed non ad extremum perditus, 23, 2, 3; cf.:10.consilii scelerati, sed non ad ultimum dementis,
id. 28, 28, 8.—Quem ad finem? To what limit? How far? Cic. Cat. 1, 1; id. Verr. 5, 75.—11.Quem ad modum, v. sub h. v.► a.Ad (v. ab, ex, in, etc.) is not repeated like some other prepositions with interrog. and relative pronouns, after nouns or demonstrative pronouns:b.traducis cogitationes meas ad voluptates. Quas? corporis credo,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37 (ubi v. Kuhner).—Ad is sometimes placed after its substantive:c.quam ad,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 39:senatus, quos ad soleret, referendum censuit,
Cic. N. D. 2, 4:ripam ad Araxis,
Tac. Ann. 12, 51;or between subst. and adj.: augendam ad invidiam,
id. ib. 12, 8.—The compound adque for et ad (like exque, eque, and, poet., aque) is denied by Moser, Cic. Rep. 2, 15, p. 248, and he reads instead of ad humanitatem adque mansuetudinem of the MSS., hum. atque mans. But adque, in acc. with later usage, is restored by Hand in App. M. 10, p. 247, adque haec omnia oboediebam for atque; and in Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 9, utroque vorsum rectum'st ingenium meum, ad se adque illum, is now read, ad te atque ad illum (Fleck., Brix).II.In composition.A.Form. According to the usual orthography, the d of the ad remains unchanged before vowels, and before b, d, h, m, v: adbibo, adduco, adhibeo, admoveo, advenio; it is assimilated to c, f, g, l, n, p, r, s, t: accipio, affigo, aggero, allabor, annumero, appello, arripio, assumo, attineo; before g and s it sometimes disappears: agnosco, aspicio, asto: and before qu it passes into c: acquiro, acquiesco.—But later philologists, supported by old inscriptions and good MSS., have mostly adopted the following forms: ad before j, h, b, d, f, m, n, q, v; ac before c, sometimes, but less well, before q; ag and also ad before g; a before gn, sp, sc, st; ad and also al before l; ad rather than an before n; ap and sometimes ad before p; ad and also ar before r; ad and also as before s; at and sometimes ad before t. In this work the old orthography has commonly been retained for the sake of convenient reference, but the better form in any case is indicated.—B.Signif. In English up often denotes approach, and in many instances will give the force of ad as a prefix both in its local and in its figurative sense.1.Local.a. b.At, by: astare, adesse.—c. d.Up (cf. de- = down, as in deicio, decido): attollo, ascendo, adsurgo.—2.Fig.a.To: adjudico, adsentior.—b.At or on: admiror, adludo.—c.Denoting conformity to, or comparison with: affiguro, adaequo.—d.Denoting addition, increase (cf. ab, de, and ex as prefixes to denote privation): addoceo, adposco.—e.Hence, denoting intensity: adamo, adimpleo, aduro, and perhaps agnosco.—f.Denoting the coming to an act or state, and hence commencement: addubito, addormio, adquiesco, adlubesco, advesperascit. See more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 74-134. -
10 semel
sĕmĕl, adv. num. [root sam-, one; Sanscr. sa-, sam-, with, together; Gr. hama, hapax; cf.: sem-per, sim-ilis, sim-plex, sin-gulus, etc.].I.Lit., once, a single time: ter sub armis malim vitam cernere, Quam semel modo parere, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 6, § 81 Müll.; and ap. Non. 261, 9 (Trag. v. 298 Vahl.); so,II.potin' ut semel modo huc respicias?
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 30:satis sum semel deceptus,
id. Capt. 3, 5, 99:semel fugiendi si data est occasio, Satis est,
id. ib. 1, 2, 8; so,semel si,
id. As. 1, 3, 66 (but cf.: si semel, infra, II. B. 2 fin.):qui vel semel ita est usus oculis, ut vera cerneret, is, etc.,
Cic. Div. 2, 52, 107:ut attendant, semel bisne signum canat in castris,
Liv. 27, 47, 3:semel in mense sulcos sarrito,
Cato, R. R. 43, 2:semel die,
Cels. 1, 3 fin.:in diebus,
Col. 12, 30, 1:semel anno,
Plin. 12, 14, 32, § 58:in anno,
id. 4, 12, 26, § 89:quem (Crassum) semel ait in vitā risisse Lucilius,
Cic. Fin. 5, 30, 92; so,semel in vitā,
Plin. 7, 13, 11, § 58:semel adhuc,
id. 2, 25, 22, § 90:semel umquam,
id. 2, 35, 35, § 100 et saep.:M. Valerius Corvinus sellā curuli semel ac vicies sedit,
id. 7, 48, 49, § 157;for which also: vicies et semel,
id. 2, 108, 102, § 243: sol omni terrarum ambitu non semel major, not greater by once, i. e. not as large again, not twice as large, Sen. Q. N. 6, 16:haud semel sed centies,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 148; cf. id. As. 2, 4, 15:non semel, sed bis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 77, § 179; Val. Max. 1, 8, 4:non semel, sed saepe,
Cic. Att. 1, 19, 7; id. Tusc. 5, 19, 56:non semel sed saepius,
id. Phil. 2, 21, 52; id. N. D. 1, 40, 113; Nep. Epam. 7, 2; Lact. 3, 17, 12; Aug. Ep. 43, 15; 102, 7:non plus quam semel eloqui,
Cic. Off. 3, 15, 61; Vell. 2, 40, 4; also without quam: plus semel, more than once, Varr. ap. Plin. 14, 14, 17, § 96: Janum Quirinum semel atque iterum clausum, once and again, i. e. twice, Suet. Aug. 22 (for which:Janus bis clausus,
Liv. 1, 19; Flor. 4, 12, 64; cf. also Plut. Num. 20); Suet. Aug. 27; but also in a more gen. sense: pecuniam semel atque iterum dare coacti sunt, time and again, i. e. repeatedly, Cic. Font. 12, 26 (8, 16):hoc semel ille iterumque neglexit,
id. Div. 1, 25, 54; cf.:cum his Aeduos semel atque iterum armis contendisse,
Caes. B.G. 1, 31; Liv. 27, 16 fin.; so too Suet. Claud. 46;for which: semel iterumque,
Petr. 34, 9; 115, 12:Piso saepe dicebat, minus saepe Pomponius, raro Carbo, semel aut iterum Philippus,
only once or twice, Cic. Brut. 90, 308; Sen. Contr. 1, 7, 12:semel et saepius,
Cic. Phil. 14, 8, 22; Varr. L. L. 10, § 33 Müll.; cf.:an quod semel jus est, idem et saepius?
Quint. 7, 8, 3.—Late Lat.:semel et bis,
repeatedly, Vulg. Phil. 4, 16; Greg. M. Ep. 5, 18 fin. —Transf.A.Pregn., like the Gr. hapax, of that which occurs no more than [p. 1664] once, but once, but a single time, once for all:B.cum facile orari, Caesar, tum semel exorari soles,
Cic. Deiot. 3, 9:quibus semel ignotum a te esse oportet,
id. ib. 14, 39:hostis est datus, cum quo dimicantes aut vitam semel aut ignominiam finirent,
Liv. 25, 6:totas semel absorbere placentas,
to swallow entire cakes at once, Hor. S. 2, 8, 24:procubuit moriens et humum semel ore momordit,
once for all, Verg. A. 11, 418; cf.: nulla reparabilis arte Laesa pudicitia est;deperit illa semel,
Ov. H. 5, 104:semel aeternā nocte premenda fui,
id. ib. 10, 112:nobis vero homicidio semel interdicto,
once for all, Tert. Apol. 9:sic et semel Christus oblatus est,
Vulg. Heb. 9, 28; id. 1 Pet. 3, 18:quoniam se semel a caeli contemplatione averterunt,
Lact. 6, 1, 7;hence in Florus: semel in perpetuum,
Flor. 2, 12, 2:semel et in perpetuum,
id. 3, 6, 7.—Of speech, at once, once for all, in a word, briefly:cum postulasset, ut sibi fundus, cujus emptor erat, semel indicaretur,
Cic. Off. 3, 15, 62 (for which, just before:non plus quam semel): interim, quod pluribus collegit adversarius, satis est semel proponere,
Quint. 5, 13, 14; cf.:ut semel, plura complectar,
id. 11, 1, 66; 1, 2, 24; 2, 15, 34:ut semel dicam,
id. 10, 1, 17:ut, quod sentio, semel finiam,
id. 5, 13, 3; cf.:quisquam denique, ut semel finiam, in lite cantat?
id. 11, 3, 59; so (after denique) id. 10, 3, 22.—In a succession = primum, primo, the first time, first:2.demonstravimus, L. Vibullium Rufum bis in potestatem pervenisse Caesaris, semel ad Corfinium, iterum in Hispaniā,
Caes. B. C. 3, 10; so after bis, with iterum, Liv. 1, 19, 3; Suet. Caes. 36; id. Aug. 25; id. tib. 6 Oud.; 72; id. Claud. 6; after ter, with iterum and tertio, Liv. 23, 9, 11.—Without iterum, etc.:cum ad idem, unde semel profecta sunt, cuncta astra redierint,
Cic. Rep. 6, 22, 24; cf.:uti exorta est semel,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 118.—In gen., like primum, to denote the simple antecedence of an occurrence; hence, most freq. with the particles ut, ubi, quando, cum, si, etc., once, ever, at some time, at any time:quod semel dixi, haud mutabo,
what I have once said, Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 85:quod Complacitum est semel,
id. Am. prol. 106:satis sum semel deceptus,
id. Capt. 3, 5, 99:verebamini, ne non id facerem quod recepissem semel?
Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 9:nec accidere, ut quisquam te timere incipiat eorum, qui semel a te sint liberati timore,
Cic. Deiot. 14, 39:in id, quod semel invasit, incumbit,
Quint. 2, 12, 2:retrahi nequitum, quoquo progressa est semel, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Fest. s. v. nequitum, p. 162 Müll.—So too in the comically formed proper name: Quodsemelarripides,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 6, 23.—With particles; with ut:in hasce aedes pedem Nemo intro tetulit, semel ut emigravimus,
Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 40:ut occepi semel,
id. Am. 3, 1, 13:ut semel eloquentia evecta est,
Cic. Brut. 13, 51:ut semel gloriam consecutus sum,
id. Att. 1, 19, 6; Caes. B. G. 1, 31:denique ut semel finiam,
Quint. 9, 4, 138.—With ubi:ubi erit accubitum semel,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 105:ubi animus semel cupiditate se devinxit malā,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 34; 2, 4, 12; Liv. 22, 2.—With quandoquidem:perge, quandoquidem occepisti semel,
Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 34.—With quando:quando in apertum semel discrimen evasura esset res,
Liv. 10, 14, 8.—With cum:quae proclivius ad perniciem, cum semel coepit, labitur,
Cic. Lael. 12, 41.—With quoniam:(Antonius) quoniam semel induxit animum, sibi licere quod vellet, etc.,
Cic. Att. 14, 13, 6;Ov H. 12, 11: illam partem, quoniam semel ita vobis placuit, non recusabo quominus perpoliam,
Cic. de Or 2, 28, 121; id. Rosc. Am. 11, 31; id. Phil. 12, 7, 18; Liv. 40, 13, 7.—With si:si semel amoris peculum accepit, Extemplo et ipsus periit et res,
Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 22; so,si semel,
id. Mil. 3, 3, 42:si istam semel amiseris libertatem,
id. ib. 3, 1, 106 Brix ad loc.; Ov. M. 13, 101:si illum semel prehendero,
Plaut. Ep. 3, 1, 6:si semel animum tuom perspexerit,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 69:et semel emissum volat inrevocabile verbam,
Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 71 (but, semel si, if once, if ever, whenever, as an emphatic numeral, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 66; id. Capt. 1, 2, 8; v. supra, I. init.).—With participles (several times in Liv. and Quint.): ut adversando remorandoque incitato semel militi adderent impetum, Liv. 2, 45, 7; so id. 5, 6, 8; 25, 6, 15; Quint. 4, 2, 115; 7, 10, 9; 10, 7, 24 al. -
11 ad
ad praep. with acc. [cf. Eng. at].—Of approach (opp. to ab, as in to ex). I. In space, to, toward: retorquet oculos ad urbem: una pars vergit ad septentriones, Cs.: tendens ad sidera palmas, V. —Fig.: ad alia vitia propensior, more inclined to. —Esp., ad dextram, sinistram, or laevam, to or on the right or left: ito ad dextram, T.: alqd ad dextram conspicere, Cs.: non rectā regione... sed ad laevam, L.—Designating the goal, to, toward: ad ripam convenire, Cs.: vocari ad cenam, H.: ad se adferre: reticulum ad narīs sibi admovebat (cf. accedit ad urbem, he approaches the city; and, accedit provinciae, it is added to the province).— Ad me, te, se, for domum meam, tuam, suam (in T. freq.): eamus ad me, T. — With gen., ellipt.: ad Dianae, to the temple of, T.: ad Castoris currere. — Used for dat: litteras dare ad aliquem, to write one a letter (cf. litteras dare alicui, to give a letter to one): domum ad te scribere: ad primam (epistulam) scribere, to answer.—Hence, librum ad aliquem mittere, scribere, to dedicate a book to one. —In titles, ad aliquem signifies to, addressed to.— With names of towns, ad answers to Whither? for the simple acc., i. e. to the vicinity of, to the neighborhood of: ad Aquinum accedere, approach: ut cum suis copiis iret ad Mutinam. — Of hostile movement or protection, against (cf. adversus): veniri ad se existimantes, Cs.: ipse ad hostem vehitur, N.: Romulus ad regem impetum facit (cf. in), L.: clipeos ad tela protecti obiciunt, V.: ad hos casūs provisa praesidia, Cs.—In war, of manner of fighting: ad pedes pugna venerat, was fought out on foot, L.: equitem ad pedes deducere, L.: pugna ad gladios venerat, L. — Emphatic of distance, to, even to, all the way to: a Salonis ad Oricum portūs... occupavit, Cs.: usque a Dianis ad Sinopum navigare. — Fig.: deverberasse usque ad necem, T.: virgis ad necem caedi.—Of nearness or proximity in gen. (cf. apud), near to, by, at, close by: ad forīs adsistere: Ianum ad infimum Argiletum fecit, L.: quod Romanis ad manum domi supplementum esset, at hand, L.: errantem ad flumina, V.; and ellipt.: pecunia utinam ad Opis maneret! — Of persons: qui primum pilum ad Caesarem duxerat, Cs.: ad me fuit, at my house: ad inferos poenas parricidi luent, among.—So, fig.: ad omnīs nationes sanctum, in the judgment of, Cs.: ut esset ad posteros monumentum, etc., L.: ad urbem esse (of a general outside of the walls): ad urbem cum imperio remanere, Cs.—With names of towns and verbs of rest: pons, qui erat ad Genavam, Cs.; and with an ordinal number and lapis: sepultus ad quintum lapidem, N.— II. In time, about, toward: domum reductus ad vesperum, toward evening.—Till, until, to, even to, up to: usque ad hanc aetatem: ad multam noctem: amant ad quoddam tempus, until: quem ad finem? how long: ad quartam (sc. horam), H. — Hence, ad id (sc. tempus), till then: ad id dubios servare animos, L.— At, on, in, by: ad horam destinatam, at the appointed hour: frumentum ad diem dare. — III. In number or amount, near, near to, almost, about, toward (cf. circiter): talenta ad quindecim coëgi, T.: annos ad quadraginta natus.—Adverb.: occisis ad hominum milibus quattuor, Cs.: ad duo milia et trecenti occisi, L.—Of a limit, to, unto, even to (rare): (viaticum) ad assem perdere, to the last farthing, H.: ad denarium solvere. —Esp., ad unum, to a single one, without exception: omnes ad unum idem sentiunt: exosus ad unum Troianos, V. — IV. In other relations, with regard to, in respect of, in relation to, as to, to, in: ad honorem antecellere: nihil ad rem pertinet.—Ellipt.: rectene an secus, nihil ad nos: Quid ad praetorem? quid ad rem? i. e. what difference does it make? H.: quibus (auxiliaribus) ad pugnam confidebat, Cs.: ad speciem ornatus, ad sensum acerbus: mentis ad omnia caecitas: ad cetera paene gemelli, H.: facultas ad dicendum.—With words denoting measure, weight, manner, model, rule, etc., according to, agreeably to, after: taleis ad certum pondus examinatis, Cs.: ad cursūs lunae describit annum, L.: canere ad tibiam: carmen castigare ad unguem, to perfection (see unguis), H.: ad istorum normam sapientes: ad specus angustiae vallium (i. e. ad specuum similitudinem angustae valles), Cs. — With the cause or reason, according to, at, on, in consequence of, for, in order to: ad horum proces in Boeotiam duxit, on their entreaty, L.: dictis ad fallendum instructis, L.: causae ad discordiam, to produce dissension, T.: ad facinora incendere, S.: ad speciem tabernaculis relictis, for appearance, Cs.: ad id, for this use, as a means to that end, L.: ad id ipsum, for that my purpose, L.: delecto milite ad navīs, marines, L.: puer ad cyathum statuetur, H.: biiugi ad frena leones, yoked in pairs with bits, V.: res quae sunt ad incendia, Cs.: ad communem salutem utilius.—In comparison, to, compared with, in comparison with: terra ad universi caeli complexum: nihil ad tuum equitatum, Caesar.— V. In adverbial phrases, ad omnia, withal, to crown all: ad omnia tantum advehi auri, etc., L.—Ad hoc and ad haec, moreover, besides, in addition: ad hoc, quos... postremo omnes, quos, etc., S. — Ad id quod, beside that (rare): ad id quod... indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur, L. — Ad tempus, at a definite, fixed time, C., L.; at a fit, appropriate time, L.; for some time, for a short time, L.; according to circumstances. — Ad praesens, for the moment, for a short time.—Ad locum, on the spot: ut ad locum miles esset paratus, L.—Ad verbum, word for word, literally. — Ad summam, on the whole, generally, in general; in a word, in short, C., H.—Ad extremum, ad ultimum, ad postremum, at the end, finally, at last; of place, at the extremity, at the top, at the end: ad extremum (teli) unde ferrum exstabat, L.; of time, at last, finally: ad extremum incipit philosophari; of order, finally, lastly; to the last degree, quite, L. — Quem ad finem? to what limit? how far? how long? Note.—a. Ad rarely follows its acc: quam ad, T.: quos ad, C.: ripam ad Araxis, Ta.—b. In composition, ad- stands before vowels, b, d, f, h, i consonant, m, n, q, v, and mostly before l, r, s; acbefore c; but very often ad- before cl-, cr-, and cu-; ag- or ad- before g; ap- or ad- before p; atbefore t; but a- or ad- before gn, sp, sc, st.* * *I IIto, up to, towards; near, at; until, on, by; almost; according to; about w/NUM -
12 adeo
1.ăd-ĕo, ĭī, and rarely īvi, ĭtum (arch. adirier for adiri, Enn. Rib. Trag. p. 59), 4, v. n. and a. (acc. to Paul. ex Fest. should be accented a/deo; v. Fest. s. v. adeo, p. 19 Müll.; cf. the foll. word), to go to or approach a person or thing (syn.: accedo, aggredior, advenio, appeto).I.Lit.A.In gen., constr.(α).With ad (very freq.): sed tibi cautim est adeundum ad virum, Att. ap. Non. 512, 10:(β).neque eum ad me adire neque me magni pendere visu'st,
Plaut. Cur. 2, 2, 12:adeamne ad eam?
Ter. And. 4, 1, 15; id. Eun. 3, 5, 30: aut ad consules aut ad te aut ad Brutum adissent, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 208, 5:ad M. Bibulum adierunt, id. Fragm. ap. Arus. p. 213 Lind.: ad aedis nostras nusquam adiit,
Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 24:adibam ad istum fundum,
Cic. Caec. 29 —With in: priusquam Romam atque in horum conventum adiretis, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 11, § 26 ed. Halm.—Esp.: adire in jus, to go to law:(γ).cum ad praetorem in jus adissemus,
Cic. Verr. 4, § 147; id. Att. 11, 24; Caes. B. C. 1, 87, and in the Plebiscit. de Thermens. lin. 42: QVO DE EA RE IN IOVS ADITVM ERIT, cf. Dirks., Versuche S. p. 193.—Absol.:(δ).adeunt, consistunt, copulantur dexteras,
Plaut. Aul. 1, 2, 38:eccum video: adibo,
Ter. Eun. 5, 7, 5.—With acc.:B.ne Stygeos adeam non libera manes,
Ov. M. 13, 465:voces aetherias adiere domos,
Sil. 6, 253:castrorum vias,
Tac. A. 2, 13:municipia,
id. ib. 39:provinciam,
Suet. Aug. 47:non poterant adire eum,
Vulg. Luc. 8, 19:Graios sales carmine patrio,
to attain to, Verg. Cat. 11, 62; so with latter supine:planioribus aditu locis,
places easier to approach, Liv. 1, 33.—With local adv.:quoquam,
Sall. J. 14:huc,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 60.—Esp.,1.To approach one for the purpose of addressing, asking aid, consulting, and the like, to address, apply to, consult (diff. from aggredior, q. v.). —Constr. with ad or oftener with acc.; hence also pass.:2.quanto satius est, adire blandis verbis atque exquaerere, sintne illa, etc.,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 35:aliquot me adierunt,
Ter. And. 3, 3, 2:adii te heri de filia,
id. Hec. 2, 2, 9: cum pacem peto, cum placo, cum adeo, et cum appello meam, Lucil. ap. Non. 237, 28:ad me adire quosdam memini, qui dicerent,
Cic. Fam. 3, 10:coram adire et alloqui,
Tac. H. 4, 65.— Pass.:aditus consul idem illud responsum retulit,
when applied to, Liv. 37, 6 fin.:neque praetores adiri possent,
Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5.—Hence: adire aliquem per epistulam, to address one in writing, by a letter:per epistulam, aut per nuntium, quasi regem, adiri eum aiunt,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 9 and 10; cf. Tac. A. 4, 39; id. H. 1, 9.—So also: adire deos, aras, deorum sedes, etc., to approach the gods, their altars, etc., as a suppliant (cf.:acced. ad aras,
Lucr. 5, 1199): quoi me ostendam? quod templum adeam? Att. ap. Non. 281, 6:ut essent simulacra, quae venerantes deos ipsos se adire crederent,
Cic. N. D. 1, 27:adii Dominum et deprecatus sum,
Vulg. Sap. 8, 21:aras,
Cic. Phil. 14, 1:sedes deorum,
Tib. 1, 5, 39:libros Sibyllinos,
to consult the Sibylline Books, Liv. 34, 55; cf. Tac. A. 1, 76:oracula,
Verg. A. 7, 82.—To go to a thing in order to examine it, to visit:3.oppida castellaque munita,
Sall. J. 94:hiberna,
Tac. H. 1, 52.—To come up to one in a hostile manner, to assail, attack:II.aliquem: nunc prior adito tu, ego in insidiis hic ero,
Ter. Ph. 1, 4, 52:nec quisquam ex agmine tanto audet adire virum,
Verg. A. 5, 379:Servilius obvia adire arma jubetur,
Sil. 9, 272.Fig.A.To go to the performance of any act, to enter upon, to undertake, set about, undergo, submit to (cf.: accedo, aggredior, and adorior).—With ad or the acc. (class.):B.nunc eam rem vult, scio, mecum adire ad pactionem,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 25:tum primum nos ad causas et privatas et publicas adire coepimus,
Cic. Brut. 90:adii causas oratorum, id. Fragm. Scaur. ap. Arus. p. 213 Lind.: adire ad rem publicam,
id. de Imp. Pomp. 24, 70:ad extremum periculum,
Caes. B. C. 2, 7.—With acc.:periculum capitis,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 38:laboribus susceptis periculisque aditis,
id. Off. 1, 19:in adeundis periculis,
id. ib. 24; cf.:adeundae inimicitiae, subeundae saepe pro re publica tempestates,
id. Sest. 66, 139: ut vitae periculum aditurus videretur, Auct. B. G. 8, 48: maximos labores et summa pericula. Nep. Timol. 5:omnem fortunam,
Liv. 25, 10:dedecus,
Tac. A. 1, 39:servitutem voluntariam,
id. G. 24:invidiam,
id. A. 4, 70:gaudia,
Tib. 1, 5, 39.—Hence of an inheritance, t. t., to enter on:cum ipse hereditatem patris non adisses,
Cic. Phil. 2, 16; so id. Arch. 5; Suet. Aug. 8 and Dig.;hence also: adire nomen,
to assume the name bequeathed by will, Vell. 2, 60.—Adire manum alicui, prov., to deceive one, to make sport of (the origin of this phrase is unc.; Acidalius conjectures that it arose from some artifice practised in wrestling, Wagner ad Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 8):2.eo pacto avarae Veneri pulcre adii manum,
Plaut. Poen. 2, 11; so id. Aul. 2, 8, 8; id. Cas. 5, 2, 54; id. Pers. 5, 2, 18.ăd-ĕō̆, adv. [cf. quoad and adhuc] (acc. to Festus, it should be accented adéo, v. the preced. word; but this distinction is merely a later invention of the grammarians; [p. 33] cf. Gell. 7, 7).I.In the ante-class. per.,A.To designate the limit of space or time, with reference to the distance passed through; hence often accompanied by usque (cf. ad), to this, thus far, so far, as far.1.Of space:2.surculum artito usque adeo, quo praeacueris,
fit in the scion as far as you have sharpened it, Cato, R. R. 40, 3.— Hence: res adeo rediit, the affair has gone so far (viz., in deterioration, “cum aliquid pejus exspectatione contigit,” Don. ad Ter. Ph. 1, 2, 5):postremo adeo res rediit: adulescentulus saepe eadem et graviter audiendo victus est,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 61; cf. id. Ph. 1, 2, 5.—Of time, so long ( as), so long ( till), strengthened by usque, and with dum, donec, following, and in Cic. with quoad:B.merces vectatum undique adeo dum, quae tum haberet, peperisset bona,
Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 76; 3, 4, 72; id. Am. 1, 2, 10 al.:nusquam destitit instare, suadere, orare, usque adeo donec perpulit,
Ter. And. 4, 1, 36; Cato, R. R. 67; id. ib. 76:atque hoc scitis omnes usque adeo hominem in periculo fuisse, quoad scitum sit Sestium vivere,
Cic. Sest. 38, 82.—For the purpose of equalizing two things in comparison, followed by ut: in the same degree or measure or proportion... in which; or so very, so much, so, to such a degree... as (only in comic poets), Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 38:C.adeon hominem esse invenustum aut infelicem quemquam, ut ego sum?
Ter. And. 1, 5, 10.—Also followed by quasi, when the comparison relates to similarity:gaudere adeo coepit, quasi qui cupiunt nuptias,
in the same manner as those rejoice who desire marriage, Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 12.—(Only in the comic poets) = ad haec, praeterea, moreover, besides, too: ibi tibi adeo lectus dabitur, ubi tu haud somnum capias ( beside the other annoyances), a bed, too, shall be given you there, etc., Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 80.—Hence also with etiam:D.adeo etiam argenti faenus creditum audio,
besides too, id. Most. 3, 1, 101.—(Only in the comic poets.) Adeo ut, for this purpose that, to the end that:E.id ego continuo huic dabo, adeo me ut hic emittat manu,
Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 32:id adeo te oratum advenio, ut, etc.,
id. Aul. 4, 10, 9:adeo ut tu meam sententiam jam jam poscere possis, faciam, etc.,
id. ib. 3, 2, 26 (where Wagner now reads at ut):atque adeo ut scire possis, factum ego tecum hoc divido,
id. Stich. 5, 4, 15. (These passages are so interpreted by Hand, I. p. 138; others regard adeo here = quin immo.)—In narration, in order to put one person in strong contrast with another. It may be denoted by a stronger emphasis upon the word to be made conspicuous, or by yet, on the contrary, etc.:II.jam ille illuc ad erum cum advenerit, narrabit, etc.: ille adeo illum mentiri sibi credet,
Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 4 sq.; so id. Merc. 2, 1, 8 al.To the Latin of every period belongs the use of this word,A.To give emphasis to an idea in comparison, so, so much, so very, with verbs, adjectives, and substantives:B.adeo ut spectare postea omnīs oderit,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 65:neminem quidem adeo infatuare potuit, ut ei nummum ullum crederet,
Cic. Fl. 20, 47:adeoque inopia est coactus Hannibal, ut, etc.,
Liv. 22, 32, 3 Weiss.:et voltu adeo modesto, adeo venusto, ut nil supra,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 92:nemo adeo ferus est, ut, etc.,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 39.—With usque:adeo ego illum cogam usque, ut mendicet meus pater,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 4, 10:usque adeo turbatur,
even so much, so continually, Verg. E. 1, 12; Curt. 10, 1, 42; Luc. 1, 366.—In questions:adeone me fuisse fungum, ut qui illi crederem?
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 49:adeone hospes hujus urbis, adeone ignarus es disciplinae consuetudinisque nostrae, ut haec nescias?
Cic. Rab. 10, 28; so id. Phil. 2, 7, 15; id. Fam. 9, 10; Liv. 2, 7, 10; 5, 6, 4.—With a negative in both clauses, also with quin in the last:non tamen adeo virtutum sterile saeculum, ut non et bona exempla prodiderit,
Tac. H. 1, 3; so Suet. Oth. 9:verum ego numquam adeo astutus fui, quin, etc.,
Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 13.—Sometimes the concluding clause is to be supplied from the first: quis genus Aeneadum, quis Trojae nesciat urbem?... non obtusa adeo gestamus pectora Poeni, viz.,
that we know not the Trojans and their history, Verg. A. 1, 565:adeo senuerunt Juppiter et Mars?
Juv. 6, 59.—Hence (post-Cic.): adeo non ut... adeo nihil ut... so little that, so far from that... (in reference to which, it should be noticed that in Latin the negative is blended with the verb in one idea, which is qualified by adeo) = tantum abest ut: haec dicta adeo nihil moverunt quemquam, ut legati prope violati sint, these words left them all so unmoved that, etc., or had so little effect, etc., Liv. 3, 2, 7: qui adeo non tenuit iram, ut gladio cinctum in senatum venturum se esse palam diceret, who restrained his anger so little that, etc. (for, qui non—tenuit iram adeo, ut), id. 8, 7, 5; so 5, 45, 4; Vell. 2, 66, 4: Curt. 3, 12, 22.—Also with contra in the concluding clause:apud hostes Afri et Carthaginienses adeo non sustinebant, ut contra etiam pedem referrent,
Liv. 30, 34, 5. —Adeo is placed enclitically after its word, like quidem, certe, and the Gr. ge, even, indeed, just, precisely. So,1.Most freq. with pronouns, in order to render prominent something before said, or foll., or otherwise known (cf. in Gr. egôge, suge, autos ge, etc., Viger. ed. Herm. 489, vi. and Zeun.): argentariis male credi qui aiunt, nugas praedicant: nam et bene et male credi dico; id adeo hodie ego expertus sum, just this (touto ge), Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 1; so id. Aul. 2, 4, 10; 4, 2, 15; id. Am. 1, 1, 98; 1, 2, 6; id. Ep. 1, 1, 51; 2, 2, 31; 5, 2, 40; id. Poen. 1, 2, 57: plerique homines, quos, cum nihil refert, pudet;2.ubi pudendum'st ibi eos deserit pudor, is adeo tu es,
you are just such a one, id. Ep. 2, 1, 2:cui tu obsecutus, facis huic adeo injuriam,
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 68: tute adeo jam ejus verba audies, you yourself shall hear what he has to say (suge akousêi), Ter. And. 3, 3, 27: Dolabella tuo nihil scito mihi esse jucundius: hanc adeo habebo gratiam illi, i. e. hanc, quae maxima est, gratiam (tautên ge tên charin), Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 16:haec adeo ex illo mihi jam speranda fuerunt,
even this, Verg. A. 11, 275.—It is often to be translated by the intensive and, and just, etc. (so esp. in Cic. and the histt.): id adeo, si placet, considerate, just that (touto ge skopeite), Cic. Caec. 30, 87:id adeo ex ipso senatus consulto cognoscite,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 64, 143; cf. id. Clu. 30, 80:ad hoc quicumque aliarum atque senatus partium erant, conturbari remp., quam minus valere ipsi malebant. Id adeo malum multos post annos in civitatem reverterat,
And just this evil, Sall. C. 37, 11; so 37, 2; id. J. 68, 3; Liv. 2, 29, 9; 4, 2, 2: id adeo manifestum erit, si cognoverimus, etc., and this, precisely this, will be evident, if, etc., Quint. 2, 16, 18 Spald.—It is rarely used with ille:ille adeo illum mentiri sibi credet,
Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 6.—Sometimes with the rel. pron.: quas adeo haud quisquam liber umquam tetigit, Plaut: Poen. 1, 2, 57; Cic. Fin. 2, 12, 37. —With interrog. pron.:Quis adeo tam Latinae linguae ignarus est, quin, etc.,
Gell. 7, 17.—Adeo is joined with the pers. pron. when the discourse passes from one person to another, and attention is to be particularly directed to the latter: Juppiter, tuque adeo summe Sol, qui res omnes inspicis, and thou especially, and chiefly thou, Enn. ap. Prob.:teque adeo decus hoc aevi inibit,
Verg. E. 4, 11; id. G. 1, 24: teque, Neptune, invoco, vosque adeo venti, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 34, 73;and without the copulative: vos adeo... item ego vos virgis circumvinciam,
Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 25.— Ego adeo often stands for ego quidem, equidem (egôge):tum libertatem Chrysalo largibere: ego adeo numquam accipiam,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 7, 30; so id. Mil. 4, 4, 55; id. Truc. 4, 3, 73:ego adeo hanc primus inveni viam,
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 16:nec me adeo fallit,
Verg. A. 4, 96.—Ipse adeo (autos ge), for the sake of emphasis:atque hercle ipsum adeo contuor,
Plaut. As. 2, 3, 24:ipsum adeo praesto video cum Davo,
Ter. And. 2, 5, 4:ipse adeo senis ductor Rhoeteus ibat pulsibus,
Sil. 14, 487.—With the conditional conjj. si, nisi, etc. (Gr. ei ge), if indeed, if truly:3.nihili est autem suum qui officium facere immemor est, nisi adeo monitus,
unless, indeed, he is reminded of it, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 2: Si. Num illi molestae quippiam hae sunt nuptiae? Da. Nihil Hercle: aut si adeo, bidui est aut tridui haec sollicitudo, and if, indeed, etc. (not if also, for also is implied in aut), Ter. And. 2, 6, 7.—With adverbs: nunc adeo (nun ge), Plaut. As. 3, 1, 29; id. Mil. 2, 2, 4; id. Merc. 2, 2, 57; id. Men. 1, 2, 11; id. Ps. 1, 2, 52; id. Rud. 3, 4, 23; Ter. And. 4, 5, 26; Verg. A. 9, 156: jam adeo (dê ge), id. ib. 5, 268; Sil. 1, 20; 12, 534; Val. Fl. 3, 70. umquam adeo, Plaut. Cas. 5, 4, 23:4.inde adeo,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 1:hinc adeo,
Verg. E. 9, 59: sic adeo (houtôs ge), id. A. 4, 533; Sil. 12, 646:vix adeo,
Verg. A. 6, 498:non adeo,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 57; Verg. A. 11, 436. —With adjectives = vel, indeed, even, very, fully:5.quot adeo cenae, quas deflevi, mortuae!
how very many suppers, Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 59: quotque adeo fuerint, qui temnere superbum... Lucil. ap. Non. 180, 2: nullumne malorum finem adeo poenaeque dabis (adeo separated from nullum by poet. license)? wilt thou make no end at all to calamity and punishment? Val. Fl. 4, 63:trīs adeo incertos caeca caligine soles erramus,
three whole days we wander about, Verg. A. 3, 203; 7, 629.—And with comp. or the adv. magis, multo, etc.:quae futura et quae facta, eloquar: multo adeo melius quam illi, cum sim Juppiter,
very much better, Plaut. Am. 5, 2, 3; so id. Truc. 2, 1, 5:magis adeo id facilitate quam aliā ullā culpā meā, contigit,
Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 15.—With the conjj. sive, aut, vel, in order to annex a more important thought, or to make a correction, or indeed, or rather, or even only:6.sive qui ipsi ambīssent, seu per internuntium, sive adeo aediles perfidiose quoi duint,
Plaut. Am. prol. 71:si hercle scivissem, sive adeo joculo dixisset mihi, se illam amare,
id. Merc. 5, 4, 33; so id. Truc. 4, 3, 1; id. Men. 5, 2, 74; Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 9: nam si te tegeret pudor, sive adeo cor sapientia imbutum foret, Pacuv. ap. Non. 521, 10:mihi adeunda est ratio, quā ad Apronii quaestum, sive adeo, quā ad istius ingentem immanemque praedam possim pervenire,
or rather, Cic. Verr 2, 3, 46, 110; Verg. A. 11, 369; so, atque adeo:ego princeps in adjutoribus atque adeo secundus,
Cic. Att. 1, 17, 9.—With the imperative, for emphasis, like tandem, modo, dum, the Germ. so, and the Gr. ge (cf. L. and S.), now, I pray:C.propera adeo puerum tollere hinc ab janua,
Ter. And. 4, 4, 20 (cf. xullabete g auton, Soph. Phil. 1003).—Like admodum or nimis, to give emphasis to an idea (for the most part only in comic poets, and never except with the positive of the adj.; cf. Consent. 2023 P.), indeed, truly, so very, so entirely:D.nam me ejus spero fratrem propemodum jam repperisse adulescentem adeo nobilem,
so very noble, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 123:nec sum adeo informis,
nor am I so very ugly, Verg. E. 2, 25:nam Caii Luciique casu non adeo fractus,
Suet. Aug. 65:et merito adeo,
and with perfect right, Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 42:etiam num credis te ignorarier aut tua facta adeo,
do you, then, think that they are ignorant of you or your conduct entirely? id. Ph. 5, 8, 38.—To denote what exceeds expectation, even: quam omnium Thebis vir unam esse optimam dijudicat, quamque adeo cives Thebani rumificant probam, and whom even the Thebans (who are always ready to speak evil of others) declare to be an honest woman, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 44.— Hence also it denotes something added to the rest of the sentence, besides, too, over and above, usually in the connection: -que adeo (rare, and never in prose; cf.III.adhuc, I.): quin te Di omnes perdant qui me hodie oculis vidisti tuis, meque adeo scelestum,
and me too, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 122; cf. id. 4, 2, 32:haec adeo tibi me, ipsa palam fari omnipotens Saturnia jussit,
Verg. A. 7, 427.After Caesar and Cicero (the only instance of this use adduced from Cicero's works, Off. 1, 11, 36, being found in a passage rejected by the best critics, as B. and K.).A.For adding an important and satisfactory reason to an assertion, and then it always stands at the beginning of the clause, indeed, for:B.cum Hanno perorāsset, nemini omnium cum eo certare necesse fuit: adeo prope omnis senatus Hannibalis erat: the idea is,
Hanno's speech, though so powerful, was ineffectual, and did not need a reply; for all the senators belonged to the party of Hannibal, Liv. 21, 11, 1; so id. 2, 27, 3; 2, 28, 2; 8, 37, 2; Tac. Ann. 1, 50, 81; Juv. 3, 274; 14, 233.—Also for introducing a parenthesis: sed ne illi quidem ipsi satis mitem gentem fore (adeo ferocia atque indomita [p. 34] ingenia esse) ni subinde auro... principum animi concilientur, Liv. 21, 20, 8; so id. 9, 26, 17; 3, 4, 2; Tac. A. 2, 28.—When to a specific fact a general consideration is added as a reason for it, so, thus (in Livy very often):C.haud dubius, facilem in aequo campi victoriam fore: adeo non fortuna modo, sed ratio etiam cum barbaris stabat,
thus not only fortune, but sagacity, was on the side of the barbarians, Liv. 5, 38, 4:adeo ex parvis saepe magnarum momenta rerum pendent,
id. 27, 9, 1; so id. 4, 31, 5; 21, 33, 6; 28, 19; Quint. 1, 12, 7; Curt. 10, 2, 11; Tac. Agr. 1:adeo in teneris consuescere multum est,
Verg. G. 2, 272.—In advancing from one thought to another more important = immo, rather, indeed, nay: nulla umquam res publica ubi tantus paupertati ac parsimoniae honos fuerit: adeo, quanto rerum minus, tanto minus cupiditatis erat, Liv. praef. 11; so Gell. 11, 7; Symm. Ep. 1, 30, 37.—D.With a negative after ne—quidem or quoque, so much the more or less, much less than, still less (post-Aug.):hujus totius temporis fortunam ne deflere quidem satis quisquam digne potuit: adeo nemo exprimere verbis potest,
still less can one describe: it by words, Vell. 2, 67, 1:ne tecta quidem urbis, adeo publicum consilium numquam adiit,
still less, Tac. A. 6, 15; so id. H. 3, 64; Curt. 7, 5, 35:favore militum anxius et superbia viri aequalium quoque, adeo superiorum intolerantis,
who could not endure his equals even, much less his superiors, Tac. H. 4, 80.—So in gen., after any negative: quaelibet enim ex iis artibus in paucos libros contrahi solet: adeo infinito spatio ac traditione opus non est, so much the less is there need, etc., Quint. 12, 11, 16; Plin. 17, 12, 35, § 179; Tac. H. 3, 39.—(The assumption of a causal signif. of adeo = ideo, propterea, rests upon false readings. For in Cael. Cic. Fam. 8, 15 we should read ideo, B. and K., and in Liv. 24, 32, 6, ad ea, Weiss.).—See more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 135-155. -
13 semel
semel adv. num. [3 SA-], once, a single time: attendant, semel bisne signum canat, L.: consulem miles semel fefellit, L.: non semel, sed bis: neque semel sed saepius: non plus quam semel eloqui. —Indef., in phrases with iterum or saepius, once and again, time and again, repeatedly, more than once, several times: semel atque iterum ac saepius dare: cum his semel atque iterum armis contendisse, Cs.: semel aut iterum, once or twice.—Once and no more, but once, but a single time, once for all: animus ubi semel se cupiditate devinxit, T.: quibus semel ignotum a te esse oportet: aut vitam semel aut ignominiam finire, L.: humum semel ore memordit, once for all, V.: virtus cum semel excidit, H.—In counting, once, first, the first time: bis rem p. servavi, semel gloriā, iterum aerumnā meā: Rufum bis pervenisse... semel ad Corfinium, iterum in Hispaniā, Cs.: ter, semel... iterum... tertio, L.— Indef, once, ever, at some time, at any time: verebamini Ne non id facerem quod recepissem semel? T.: ut semel eloquentia evecta est: quando in apertum semel discrimen evasura esset res, sooner or later, L.: quoniam quidem semel suscepi: Si semel datis... Dividite, if you are really giving, O.: semel emissum volat inrevocabile verbum, H. -
14 aliquid
ălĭquis, aliquid; plur. aliqui [alius-quis; cf. Engl. somebody or other, i.e. some person [p. 88] obscurely definite; v. Donald. Varron. p. 381 sq.] ( fem. sing. rare).— Abl. sing. aliqui, Plaut. Aul. prol. 24; id. Most. 1, 3, 18; id. Truc. 5, 30; id. Ep. 3, 1, 11.— Nom. plur. masc. aliques, analog. to ques, from quis, acc. to Charis. 133 P.— Nom. and acc. plur. neutr. always aliqua.— Dat. and abl. plur. aliquibus, Liv. 22, 13;I.oftener aliquis,
id. 26, 15; 26, 49; Plin. 2, 48, 49, § 131.—Alicui, trisyl., Tib. 4, 7, 2), indef. subst. pron., some one, somebody, any one, something, any thing; in the plur., some, any (it is opp. to an object definitely stated, as also to no one, nobody. The synn. quis, aliquis, and quidam designate an object not denoted by name; quis leaves not merely the object, but even its existence, uncertain; hence it is in gen. used in hypoth. and conditional clauses, with si, nisi, num, quando, etc.; aliquis, more emphatic than quis, denotes that an object really exists, but that nothing depends upon its individuality; no matter of what kind it may be, if it is only one, and not none; quidam indicates not merely the existence and individuality of an object, but that it is known as such to the speaker, only that he is not acquainted with, or does not choose to give, its more definite relations; cf. Jahn ad Ov. M. 9, 429, and the works there referred to).A.. In gen.: nam nos decebat domum Lugere, ubi esset aliquis in lucem editus, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 115 (as a transl. of Eurip. Cresph. Fragm. ap. Stob. tit. 121, Edei gar hêmas sullogon poioumenous Ton phunta thrênein, etc.):B.Ervom tibi aliquis cras faxo ad villam adferat,
Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 65:hunc videre saepe optabamus diem, Quom ex te esset aliquis, qui te appellaret patrem,
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 30:utinam modo agatur aliquid!
Cic. Att. 3, 15:aliquid facerem, ut hoc ne facerem,
I would do any thing, that I might not do this, Ter. And. 1, 5, 24; so id. Phorm. 5, 6, 34:fit plerumque, ut ei, qui boni quid volunt adferre, adfingant aliquid, quo faciant id, quod nuntiant, laetius,
Cic. Phil. 1, 3:quamvis enim demersae sunt leges alicujus opibus,
id. Off. 2, 7, 24:quod motum adfert alicui,
to any thing, id. Tusc. 1, 23, 53: te donabo ego hodie aliqui (abl.), Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 18; so, gaudere aliqui me volo, in some thing (or some way), id. Truc. 5, 30:nec manibus humanis (Deus) colitur indigens aliquo,
any thing, Vulg. Act. 17, 25:non est tua ulla culpa, si te aliqui timuerunt,
Cic. Marcell. 6 fin.:in narratione, ut aliqua neganda, aliqua adicienda, sic aliqua etiam tacenda,
Quint. 4, 2, 67:sunt aliqua epistulis eorum inserta,
Tac. Or. 25:laudare aliqua, ferre quaedam,
Quint. 2, 4, 12:quaero, utrum aliquid actum an nihil arbitremur,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 15: quisquis est ille, si modo est aliquis (i. e. if only there is some one), qui, etc., id. Brut. 73, 255; so id. Ac. 2, 43, 132, etc.; Liv. 2, 10 fin.:nunc aliquis dicat mihi: Quid tu?
Hor. S. 1, 3, 19; so id. ib. 2, 2, 94; 2, 2, 105; 2, 3, 6; 2, 5, 42, and id. Ep. 2, 1, 206.— Fem. sing.:Forsitan audieris aliquam certamine cursus Veloces superāsse viros,
Ov. M. 10, 560:si qua tibi spon sa est, haec tibi sive aliqua est,
id. ib. 4, 326.—Not unfrequently with adj.:C.Novo modo novum aliquid inventum adferre addecet,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 156:novum aliquid advertere,
Tac. A. 15, 30:judicabant esse profecto aliquid naturā pulchrum atque praeclarum,
Cic. Sen. 13, 43:mihi ne diuturnum quidem quidquam videtur, in quo est aliquid extremum,
in which there is any end, id. ib. 19, 69; cf. id. ib. 2, 5:dignum aliquid elaborare,
Tac. Or. 9:aliquid improvisum, inopinatum,
Liv. 27, 43:aliquid exquisitum,
Tac. A. 12, 66:aliquid illustre et dignum memoriā,
id. Or. 20:sanctum aliquid et providum,
id. G. 8:insigne aliquid faceret eis,
Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 31:aliquid magnum,
Verg. A. 9, 186, and 10, 547:quos magnum aliquid deceret, Juv 8, 263: dicens se esse aliquem magnum,
Vulg. Act. 8, 9:majus aliquid et excelsius,
Tac. A. 3, 53:melius aliquid,
Vulg. Heb. 11, 40:deterius aliquid,
ib. Joan. 5, 14.—Also with unus, to designate a single, but not otherwise defined person:ad unum aliquem confugiebant,
Cic. Off. 2, 12, 41 (cf. id. ib. 2, 12, 42: id si ab uno justo et bono viro consequebantur, erant, etc.): sin aliquis excellit unus e multis;effert se, si unum aliquid adfert,
id. de Or. 3, 33, 136; so id. Verr. 2, 2, 52:aliquis unus pluresve divitiores,
id. Rep. 1, 32: nam si natura non prohibet et esse virum bonum et esse dicendiperitum:cur non aliquis etiam unus utrumque consequi possit? cur autem non se quisque speret fore illum aliquem?
that one, Quint. 12, 1, 31; 1, 12, 2.—Partitive with ex, de, or the gen.:D.aliquis ex vobis,
Cic. Cael. 3:aliquem ex privatis audimus jussisse, etc.,
Plin. 13, 3, 4, § 22:ex principibus aliquis,
Vulg. Joan. 7, 48; ib. Rom. 11, 14:aliquis de tribus nobis,
Cic. Leg. 3, 7:si de iis aliqui remanserint,
Vulg. Lev. 26, 39; ib. 2 Reg. 9, 3:suorum aliquis,
Cic. Phil. 8, 9:exspectabam aliquem meorum,
id. Att. 13, 15: succurret fortasse alicui vestrūm, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1:trium rerum aliqua consequemur,
Cic. Part. 8, 30:impetratum ab aliquo vestrūm,
Tac. Or. 15; so Vulg. 1 Cor. 6, 1:principum aliquis,
Tac. G. 13:cum popularibus et aliquibus principum,
Liv. 22, 13:horum aliquid,
Vulg. Lev. 15, 10.—Aliquid (nom. or acc.), with gen. of a subst. or of a neutr, adj. of second decl. instead of the adj. aliqui, aliqua, aliquod, agreeing with such word:E.aliquid pugnae,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 54:vestimenti aridi,
id. Rud. 2, 6, 16:consilii,
id. Ep. 2, 2, 71:monstri,
Ter. And. 1, 5, 15:scitamentorum,
Plaut. Men. 1, 3, 26:armorum,
Tac. G. 18:boni,
Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 5; Ter. And. 2, 3, 24; Vulg. Joan. 1, 46:aequi,
Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 33:mali,
Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 60; Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 29:novi,
Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 1, 1; Vulg. Act. 17, 21:potionis,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 22:virium,
Cic. Fam. 11, 18:falsi,
id. Caecin. 1, 3:vacui,
Quint. 10, 6, 1:mdefensi,
Liv. 26, 5 al. —Very rarely in abl.:aliquo loci morari,
Dig. 18, 7, 1.—Frequently, esp. in Cic., with the kindred words aliquando, alicubi, aliquo, etc., for the sake of emphasis or rhetorical fulness, Cic. Planc. 14, 35:F.asperius locutus est aliquid aliquando,
id. ib. 13, 33; id. Sest. 6, 14; id. Mil. 25, 67:non despero fore aliquem aliquando,
id. de Or. 1, 21, 95; id. Rep. 1, 9; id. Or. 42, 144; id. Fam. 7, 11 med.: evadat saltem aliquid aliquā, quod conatus sum, Lucil. ap. Non. 293, 1; App. Mag. p. 295, 17 al.—In conditional clauses with si, nisi, quod si, etc.:G.si aliquid de summā gravitate Pompeius dimisisset,
Cic. Phil. 13, 1: si aliquid ( really any thing, in contrast with nihil) dandum est voluptati, id. Sen. 13, 44: quod si non possimus aliquid proficere suadendo, Lucc. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 14, 5:Quod si de iis aliqui remanserint,
Vulg. Lev. 26, 39:si quando aliquid tamquam aliqua fabella narratur,
Cic. de Or. 2, 59:si quis vobis aliquid dixerit,
Vulg. Matt. 21, 3; ib. Luc. 19, 8:si aliquem, cui narraret, habuisset,
Cic. Lael. 23, 88:si aliquem nacti sumus, cujus, etc.,
id. ib. 8, 27:cui (puero) si aliquid erit,
id. Fam. 14, 1:nisi alicui suorum negotium daret,
Nep. Dion, 8, 2:si aliquid eorum praestitit,
Liv. 24, 8.—In negative clauses with ne:H.Pompeius cavebat omnia, no aliquid vos timeretis,
Cic. Mil. 24, 66:ne, si tibi sit pecunia adempta, aliquis dicat,
Nep. Epam. 4, 4:ne alicui dicerent,
Vulg. Luc. 8, 46.—In Plaut. and Ter. collect. with a plur. verb (cf. tis, Matth. Gr. 673): aperite atque Erotium aliquis evocate, open, some one (of you), etc., Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 111 (cf. id. Ps. 5, 1, 37:I.me adesse quis nuntiate): aperite aliquis actutum ostium,
Ter. Ad. 4, 4, 27.—In Verg. once with the second person sing.:► In the following passages, with the critical authority added, aliquis seems to stand for the adj.Exoriare aliquis nostris ex ossibus ultor, Qui face Dardanios ferroque sequare colonos,
Verg. A. 4, 625.aliqui, as nemo sometimes stands with a noun for the adj. nullus:II.nos quibus est alicunde aliquis objectus labos,
Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 6 Fleck.;Et ait idem, ut aliquis metus adjunctus sit ad gratiam,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 7, 24 B. and K.:num igitur aliquis dolor in corpore est?
id. Tusc. 1, 34, 82 iid.:ut aliquis nos deus tolleret,
id. Am. 23, 87 iid.: sin casus aliquis interpellārit, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8 iid.:si deus aliquis vitas repente mutāsset,
Tac. Or. 41 Halm:sic est aliquis oratorum campus,
id. ib. 39 id.:sive sensus aliquis argutā sententiā effulsit,
id. ib. 20 id. A similar use of aliquid for the adj. aliquod was asserted to exist in Plaut. by Lind. ad Cic. Inv. 2, 6, 399, and this is repeated by Klotz, s. v. aliquis, but Lemaire's Index gives only one instance: ni occupo aliquid mihi consilium, Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 94, where Brix now reads aliquod.Esp.A.With alius, aliud: some or any other, something else, any thing else:B.dum aliud aliquid flagitii conficiat,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 2, 5:potest fieri, ut alius aliquis Cornelius sit,
Cic. Fragm. B. VI. 21:ut per alium aliquem te ipsum ulciscantur,
id. Div. in Caecil. 6, 22:non est in alio aliquo salus,
Vulg. Act. 4, 12:aliquid aliud promittere,
Petr. 10, 5 al. —And with the idea of alius implied, in opp. to a definite object or objects, some or any other, something else, any thing else: aut ture aut vino aut aliqui (abl.) semper supplicat, Plaut. Aul prol. 24:C.vellem aliquid Antonio praeter illum libellum libuisset scribere,
Cic. Brut. 44:aut ipse occurrebat aut aliquos mittebat,
Liv. 34, 38:cum seditionem sedare vellem, cum frumentum imperarem..., cum aliquid denique rei publicae causā gererem,
Cic. Verr. 1, 27, 20: commentabar declamitans saepe cum M. Pisone et cum Q. Pompeio aut cum aliquo cotidie id. Brut. 90, 310; Vell. 1, 17; Tac. A. 1, 4: (Tiberius) neque spectacula omnino edidit;et iis, quae ab aliquo ederentur, rarissime interfuit,
Suet. Tib. 47.—In a pregn. signif. as in Gr. tis, ti, something considerable, important, or great = aliquid magnum (v. supra. I. B.; cf. in Gr. hoti oiesthe ti poiein ouden poiountes, Plat. Symp. 1, 4):1.non omnia in ducis, aliquid et in militum manu esse,
Liv. 45, 36.—Hence, esp.,Esse aliquem or aliquid, to be somebody or something, i. e to be of some worth, value, or note, to be esteemed:2.atque fac, ut me velis esse aliquem,
Cic. Att. 3, 15 fin.:aude aliquid brevibus Gyaris dignum, si vis esse aliquis,
Juv. 1, 73:an quidquam stultius quam quos singulos contemnas, eos esse aliquid putare universos?
Cic. Tusc. 5, 36, 104:exstitit Theodas dicens se esse aliquem,
Vulg. Act. 5, 36: si umquam in dicendo fuimus aliquid. Cic. Att. 4, 2:ego quoque aliquid sum,
id. Fam. 6, 18:qui videbantur aliquid esse,
Vulg. Gal. 2, 2; 2, 6: quod te cum Culeone scribis de privilegio locutum, est aliquid ( it is something, it is no trifle):sed, etc.,
Cic. Att. 3, 15: est istuc quidem aliquid, sed, etc.; id. Sen. 3; id. Cat. 1, 4:est aliquid nupsisse Jovi,
Ov. F. 6, 27:Est aliquid de tot Graiorum milibus unum A Diomede legi,
id. M. 13, 241:est aliquid unius sese dominum fecisse lacertae,
Juv. 3, 230:omina sunt aliquid,
Ov. Am. 1, 12, 3; so,crimen abesse,
id. F. 1, 484:Sunt aliquid Manes,
Prop. 5, 7, 1:est aliquid eloquentia,
Quint. 1, prooem. fin. —Dicere aliquid, like legein ti, to say something worth the while:3.diceres aliquid et magno quidem philosopho dignum,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 16, 35; cf. Herm. ad Vig. 731; 755; so, assequi aliquid, to effect something considerable:Etenim si nunc aliquid assequi se putant, qui ostium Ponti viderunt,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 20, 45.—In colloquial lang.: fiet aliquid, something important or great, will, may come to pass or happen: Ch. Invenietur, exquiretur, aliquid fiet. Eu. Enicas. Jam istuc aliquid fiet, metuo, Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 25:D.mane, aliquid fiet, ne abi,
id. Truc. 2, 4, 15; Ter. And. 2, 1, 14.—Ad aliquid esse, in gram. lang., to refer or relate to something else, e. g. pater, filius, frater, etc. (v. ad):E.idem cum interrogantur, cur aper apri et pater patris faciat, il lud nomen positum, hoc ad aliquid esse contendunt,
Quint. 1, 6, 13 Halm.—Atque aliquis, poet. in imitation of hôide de tis, and thus some one (Hom. II. 7, 178;F.7, 201 al.): Atque aliquis, magno quaerens exempla timori, Non alios, inquit, motus, etc.,
Luc. 2, 67 Web.; Stat. Th. 1, 171; Claud. Eutr. 1, 350.—It is sometimes omitted before qui, esp. in the phrase est qui, sunt qui:G.praemittebatque de stipulatoribus suis, qui perscrutarentur, etc.,
Cic. Off. 2, 7, 25:sunt quibus in satirā videar nimis acer,
Hor. S. 2, 1, 1:sunt qui adiciant his evidentiam, quae, etc.,
Quint. 4, 2, § 63 (cf. on the contr. § 69: verum in his quoque confessionibus est aliquid. quod ex invidiā detrahi possit).—Aliquid, like nihil (q. v. I. g), is used of persons:A.Hinc ad Antonium nemo, illinc ad Caesarem cotidie aliquid transfugiebat,
Vell. 2, 84, 2 (cf. in Gr. tôn d allôn ou per ti... oute theôn out anthrôpôn, Hom. H. Ven. 34 sq. Herm.).— Hence the advv.ălĭquid (prop. acc. denoting in what respect, with a verb or [p. 89] adj.; so in Gr. ti), somewhat, in something, in some degree, to some extent:B.illud vereor, ne tibi illum succensere aliquid suspicere,
Cic. Deiot. 13, 35:si in me aliquid offendistis,
at all, in any respect, id. Mil. 36, 99:quos tamen aliquid usus ac disciplina sublevarent,
somewhat, Caes. B. G. 1, 40:Philippi regnum officere aliquid videtur libertati vestrae,
Liv. 31, 29:Nos aliquid Rutulos contra juvisse nefandum est?
Verg. A. 10, 84:neque circumcisio aliquid valet,
Vulg. Gal. 6, 15:perlucens jam aliquid, incerta tamen lux,
Liv. 41, 2:aliquid et spatio fessus,
Plin. 5, 9, 10, § 54; cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 259; Ellendt ad Cic. de Or. 1, 9, 35.—ălĭquō (from aliquoi, old dat. denoting direction whither; cf.: eo, quo, alio, etc.).1.Somewhither (arch.), to some place, somewhere; in the comic poets sometimes also with a subst. added, which designates the place more definitely:2.ut aliquo ex urbe amoveas,
Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 94:aliquo abicere,
Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26:concludere,
id. Eun. 4, 3, 25 (cf. id. Ad. 4, 2, 13, in cellam aliquam concludere):ab eorum oculis aliquo concederes,
Cic. Cat. 1, 17:demigrandum potius aliquo est quam, etc.,
id. Dom. 100:aliquem aliquo impellere,
id. Vatin. 15:aliquo exire,
id. Q. Fr. 3, 1:aliquo advenire vel sicunde discedere,
Suet. Calig. 4; Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 51; id. Men. 5, 1, 3:in angulum Aliquo abire,
Ter. Ad. 5, 2, 10; 3, 3, 6:aliquem rus aliquo educere,
Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 3.—With a gen., like quo, ubi, etc.: migrandum Rhodum aut aliquo terrarum, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 5.—With the idea of alio implied, = alio quo, somewhere else, to some other place (cf. aliquis, II. B.):C.dum proficiscor aliquo,
Ter. And. 2, 1, 28:at certe ut hinc concedas aliquo,
id. Heaut. 3, 3, 11:si te parentes timerent atque odissent tui, ab eorum oculis aliquo concederes,
Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 17; cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 265.—ălĭquam, adv. (prop. acc. fem.), = in aliquam partem, in some degree; only in connection with diu, multus, and plures.1.Aliquam diu (B. and K.), or together aliquamdiu (Madv., Halm, Dietsch), awhile, for a while, for some time; also pregn., for some considerable time (most freq. in the histt., esp. Cæs. and Livy; also in Cic.).a.Absol.:b.ut non aliquando condemnatum esse Oppianicum, sed aliquam diu incolumem fuisse miremini,
Cic. Clu. 9, 25:Aristum Athenis audivit aliquam diu,
id. Ac. 1, 3, 12:in vincula conjectus est, in quibus aliquamdiu fuit,
Nep. Con. 5, 3;id. Dion, 3, 1: quā in parte rex affuit, ibi aliquamdiu certatum,
Sall. J. 74, 3; Liv. 3, 70, 4.—Often followed by deinde, postea, postremo, tandem, etc.:* c.pugnatur aliquamdiu pari contentione: deinde, etc., Auct. B. G. 8, 19, 3: cunctati aliquamdiu sunt: pudor deinde commovit aciem,
Liv. 2, 10, 9; so id. 1, 16:quos aliquamdiu inermos timuissent, hos postea armatos superāssent,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 6:controversia aliquamdiu fuit: postremo, etc.,
Liv. 3, 32, 7; 25, 15, 14; 45, 6, 6:ibi aliquamdiu atrox pugna stetit: tandem, etc.,
Liv. 29, 2, 15; 34, 28, 4 and 11; Suet. Ner. 6.—With donec, as a more definite limitation of time, some time... until, a considerable time... until:d.exanimis aliquamdiu jacuit, donec, etc.,
Suet. Caes. 82. —Meton., for a long distance; most freq. of rivers:2.Rhodanus aliquamdiu Gallias dirimit,
Mel. 2, 5, 5; so id. 3, 5, 6; 3, 9, 8 al.—Of the Corycian cave in Cilicia:deinde aliquamdiu perspicuus, mox, et quo magis subitur, obscurior,
Mel. 1, 13.—Aliquam multi, or aliquammulti, somewhat many, considerable in number or quantity (mostly post-class.):D.sunt vestrūm aliquam multi, qui L. Pisonem cognōrunt,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 56 B. and K.: aliquammultos non comparuisse, * Gell. 3, 10, 17 Hertz:aliquammultis diebus decumbo,
App. Mag. p. 320, 10.—Also adv.: aliquam multum, something much, to a considerable distance, considerably:sed haec defensio, ut dixi, aliquam multum a me remota est,
App. Mag. p. 276, 7 dub.—And comp. * aliquam plures, somewhat more, considerably more:aliquam pluribus et amarioribus perorantem,
Tert. Apol. 12 dub.; cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 243.—ălĭquā, adv. (prop. abl. fem.).1.Somewhere (like mod. Engl. somewhere for somewhither):2.antevenito aliquā aliquos,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 66: aliquā evolare si posset, * Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 67:si quā evasissent aliquā,
Liv. 26, 27, 12.—Transf. to action, in some way or other, in some manner, = aliquo modo:E.aliquid aliquā sentire,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 62: evadere aliquā, Lucil. ap. Non. 293, 1:aliquid aliquā resciscere,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 19, and 4, 1, 19: aliquā nocere, * Verg. E. 3, 15:aliquā obesse,
App. Mag. p. 295, 17.—ălĭqui, adv. (prop. abl. = aliquo modo), in some way, somehow:► The forms aliqua, neutr.Quamquam ego tibi videor stultus, gaudere me aliqui volo,
Plaut. Truc. 5, 30 (but in this and like cases, aliqui may be treated as the abl. subst.; cf. supra, I. A.); cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 242.plur., and aliquam, acc., and aliquā, abl., used adverbially, may also be referred to the adj. ălĭqui, ălĭqua, ălĭquod. -
15 aliquis
ălĭquis, aliquid; plur. aliqui [alius-quis; cf. Engl. somebody or other, i.e. some person [p. 88] obscurely definite; v. Donald. Varron. p. 381 sq.] ( fem. sing. rare).— Abl. sing. aliqui, Plaut. Aul. prol. 24; id. Most. 1, 3, 18; id. Truc. 5, 30; id. Ep. 3, 1, 11.— Nom. plur. masc. aliques, analog. to ques, from quis, acc. to Charis. 133 P.— Nom. and acc. plur. neutr. always aliqua.— Dat. and abl. plur. aliquibus, Liv. 22, 13;I.oftener aliquis,
id. 26, 15; 26, 49; Plin. 2, 48, 49, § 131.—Alicui, trisyl., Tib. 4, 7, 2), indef. subst. pron., some one, somebody, any one, something, any thing; in the plur., some, any (it is opp. to an object definitely stated, as also to no one, nobody. The synn. quis, aliquis, and quidam designate an object not denoted by name; quis leaves not merely the object, but even its existence, uncertain; hence it is in gen. used in hypoth. and conditional clauses, with si, nisi, num, quando, etc.; aliquis, more emphatic than quis, denotes that an object really exists, but that nothing depends upon its individuality; no matter of what kind it may be, if it is only one, and not none; quidam indicates not merely the existence and individuality of an object, but that it is known as such to the speaker, only that he is not acquainted with, or does not choose to give, its more definite relations; cf. Jahn ad Ov. M. 9, 429, and the works there referred to).A.. In gen.: nam nos decebat domum Lugere, ubi esset aliquis in lucem editus, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 115 (as a transl. of Eurip. Cresph. Fragm. ap. Stob. tit. 121, Edei gar hêmas sullogon poioumenous Ton phunta thrênein, etc.):B.Ervom tibi aliquis cras faxo ad villam adferat,
Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 65:hunc videre saepe optabamus diem, Quom ex te esset aliquis, qui te appellaret patrem,
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 30:utinam modo agatur aliquid!
Cic. Att. 3, 15:aliquid facerem, ut hoc ne facerem,
I would do any thing, that I might not do this, Ter. And. 1, 5, 24; so id. Phorm. 5, 6, 34:fit plerumque, ut ei, qui boni quid volunt adferre, adfingant aliquid, quo faciant id, quod nuntiant, laetius,
Cic. Phil. 1, 3:quamvis enim demersae sunt leges alicujus opibus,
id. Off. 2, 7, 24:quod motum adfert alicui,
to any thing, id. Tusc. 1, 23, 53: te donabo ego hodie aliqui (abl.), Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 18; so, gaudere aliqui me volo, in some thing (or some way), id. Truc. 5, 30:nec manibus humanis (Deus) colitur indigens aliquo,
any thing, Vulg. Act. 17, 25:non est tua ulla culpa, si te aliqui timuerunt,
Cic. Marcell. 6 fin.:in narratione, ut aliqua neganda, aliqua adicienda, sic aliqua etiam tacenda,
Quint. 4, 2, 67:sunt aliqua epistulis eorum inserta,
Tac. Or. 25:laudare aliqua, ferre quaedam,
Quint. 2, 4, 12:quaero, utrum aliquid actum an nihil arbitremur,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 15: quisquis est ille, si modo est aliquis (i. e. if only there is some one), qui, etc., id. Brut. 73, 255; so id. Ac. 2, 43, 132, etc.; Liv. 2, 10 fin.:nunc aliquis dicat mihi: Quid tu?
Hor. S. 1, 3, 19; so id. ib. 2, 2, 94; 2, 2, 105; 2, 3, 6; 2, 5, 42, and id. Ep. 2, 1, 206.— Fem. sing.:Forsitan audieris aliquam certamine cursus Veloces superāsse viros,
Ov. M. 10, 560:si qua tibi spon sa est, haec tibi sive aliqua est,
id. ib. 4, 326.—Not unfrequently with adj.:C.Novo modo novum aliquid inventum adferre addecet,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 156:novum aliquid advertere,
Tac. A. 15, 30:judicabant esse profecto aliquid naturā pulchrum atque praeclarum,
Cic. Sen. 13, 43:mihi ne diuturnum quidem quidquam videtur, in quo est aliquid extremum,
in which there is any end, id. ib. 19, 69; cf. id. ib. 2, 5:dignum aliquid elaborare,
Tac. Or. 9:aliquid improvisum, inopinatum,
Liv. 27, 43:aliquid exquisitum,
Tac. A. 12, 66:aliquid illustre et dignum memoriā,
id. Or. 20:sanctum aliquid et providum,
id. G. 8:insigne aliquid faceret eis,
Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 31:aliquid magnum,
Verg. A. 9, 186, and 10, 547:quos magnum aliquid deceret, Juv 8, 263: dicens se esse aliquem magnum,
Vulg. Act. 8, 9:majus aliquid et excelsius,
Tac. A. 3, 53:melius aliquid,
Vulg. Heb. 11, 40:deterius aliquid,
ib. Joan. 5, 14.—Also with unus, to designate a single, but not otherwise defined person:ad unum aliquem confugiebant,
Cic. Off. 2, 12, 41 (cf. id. ib. 2, 12, 42: id si ab uno justo et bono viro consequebantur, erant, etc.): sin aliquis excellit unus e multis;effert se, si unum aliquid adfert,
id. de Or. 3, 33, 136; so id. Verr. 2, 2, 52:aliquis unus pluresve divitiores,
id. Rep. 1, 32: nam si natura non prohibet et esse virum bonum et esse dicendiperitum:cur non aliquis etiam unus utrumque consequi possit? cur autem non se quisque speret fore illum aliquem?
that one, Quint. 12, 1, 31; 1, 12, 2.—Partitive with ex, de, or the gen.:D.aliquis ex vobis,
Cic. Cael. 3:aliquem ex privatis audimus jussisse, etc.,
Plin. 13, 3, 4, § 22:ex principibus aliquis,
Vulg. Joan. 7, 48; ib. Rom. 11, 14:aliquis de tribus nobis,
Cic. Leg. 3, 7:si de iis aliqui remanserint,
Vulg. Lev. 26, 39; ib. 2 Reg. 9, 3:suorum aliquis,
Cic. Phil. 8, 9:exspectabam aliquem meorum,
id. Att. 13, 15: succurret fortasse alicui vestrūm, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1:trium rerum aliqua consequemur,
Cic. Part. 8, 30:impetratum ab aliquo vestrūm,
Tac. Or. 15; so Vulg. 1 Cor. 6, 1:principum aliquis,
Tac. G. 13:cum popularibus et aliquibus principum,
Liv. 22, 13:horum aliquid,
Vulg. Lev. 15, 10.—Aliquid (nom. or acc.), with gen. of a subst. or of a neutr, adj. of second decl. instead of the adj. aliqui, aliqua, aliquod, agreeing with such word:E.aliquid pugnae,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 54:vestimenti aridi,
id. Rud. 2, 6, 16:consilii,
id. Ep. 2, 2, 71:monstri,
Ter. And. 1, 5, 15:scitamentorum,
Plaut. Men. 1, 3, 26:armorum,
Tac. G. 18:boni,
Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 5; Ter. And. 2, 3, 24; Vulg. Joan. 1, 46:aequi,
Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 33:mali,
Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 60; Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 29:novi,
Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 1, 1; Vulg. Act. 17, 21:potionis,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 22:virium,
Cic. Fam. 11, 18:falsi,
id. Caecin. 1, 3:vacui,
Quint. 10, 6, 1:mdefensi,
Liv. 26, 5 al. —Very rarely in abl.:aliquo loci morari,
Dig. 18, 7, 1.—Frequently, esp. in Cic., with the kindred words aliquando, alicubi, aliquo, etc., for the sake of emphasis or rhetorical fulness, Cic. Planc. 14, 35:F.asperius locutus est aliquid aliquando,
id. ib. 13, 33; id. Sest. 6, 14; id. Mil. 25, 67:non despero fore aliquem aliquando,
id. de Or. 1, 21, 95; id. Rep. 1, 9; id. Or. 42, 144; id. Fam. 7, 11 med.: evadat saltem aliquid aliquā, quod conatus sum, Lucil. ap. Non. 293, 1; App. Mag. p. 295, 17 al.—In conditional clauses with si, nisi, quod si, etc.:G.si aliquid de summā gravitate Pompeius dimisisset,
Cic. Phil. 13, 1: si aliquid ( really any thing, in contrast with nihil) dandum est voluptati, id. Sen. 13, 44: quod si non possimus aliquid proficere suadendo, Lucc. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 14, 5:Quod si de iis aliqui remanserint,
Vulg. Lev. 26, 39:si quando aliquid tamquam aliqua fabella narratur,
Cic. de Or. 2, 59:si quis vobis aliquid dixerit,
Vulg. Matt. 21, 3; ib. Luc. 19, 8:si aliquem, cui narraret, habuisset,
Cic. Lael. 23, 88:si aliquem nacti sumus, cujus, etc.,
id. ib. 8, 27:cui (puero) si aliquid erit,
id. Fam. 14, 1:nisi alicui suorum negotium daret,
Nep. Dion, 8, 2:si aliquid eorum praestitit,
Liv. 24, 8.—In negative clauses with ne:H.Pompeius cavebat omnia, no aliquid vos timeretis,
Cic. Mil. 24, 66:ne, si tibi sit pecunia adempta, aliquis dicat,
Nep. Epam. 4, 4:ne alicui dicerent,
Vulg. Luc. 8, 46.—In Plaut. and Ter. collect. with a plur. verb (cf. tis, Matth. Gr. 673): aperite atque Erotium aliquis evocate, open, some one (of you), etc., Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 111 (cf. id. Ps. 5, 1, 37:I.me adesse quis nuntiate): aperite aliquis actutum ostium,
Ter. Ad. 4, 4, 27.—In Verg. once with the second person sing.:► In the following passages, with the critical authority added, aliquis seems to stand for the adj.Exoriare aliquis nostris ex ossibus ultor, Qui face Dardanios ferroque sequare colonos,
Verg. A. 4, 625.aliqui, as nemo sometimes stands with a noun for the adj. nullus:II.nos quibus est alicunde aliquis objectus labos,
Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 6 Fleck.;Et ait idem, ut aliquis metus adjunctus sit ad gratiam,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 7, 24 B. and K.:num igitur aliquis dolor in corpore est?
id. Tusc. 1, 34, 82 iid.:ut aliquis nos deus tolleret,
id. Am. 23, 87 iid.: sin casus aliquis interpellārit, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8 iid.:si deus aliquis vitas repente mutāsset,
Tac. Or. 41 Halm:sic est aliquis oratorum campus,
id. ib. 39 id.:sive sensus aliquis argutā sententiā effulsit,
id. ib. 20 id. A similar use of aliquid for the adj. aliquod was asserted to exist in Plaut. by Lind. ad Cic. Inv. 2, 6, 399, and this is repeated by Klotz, s. v. aliquis, but Lemaire's Index gives only one instance: ni occupo aliquid mihi consilium, Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 94, where Brix now reads aliquod.Esp.A.With alius, aliud: some or any other, something else, any thing else:B.dum aliud aliquid flagitii conficiat,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 2, 5:potest fieri, ut alius aliquis Cornelius sit,
Cic. Fragm. B. VI. 21:ut per alium aliquem te ipsum ulciscantur,
id. Div. in Caecil. 6, 22:non est in alio aliquo salus,
Vulg. Act. 4, 12:aliquid aliud promittere,
Petr. 10, 5 al. —And with the idea of alius implied, in opp. to a definite object or objects, some or any other, something else, any thing else: aut ture aut vino aut aliqui (abl.) semper supplicat, Plaut. Aul prol. 24:C.vellem aliquid Antonio praeter illum libellum libuisset scribere,
Cic. Brut. 44:aut ipse occurrebat aut aliquos mittebat,
Liv. 34, 38:cum seditionem sedare vellem, cum frumentum imperarem..., cum aliquid denique rei publicae causā gererem,
Cic. Verr. 1, 27, 20: commentabar declamitans saepe cum M. Pisone et cum Q. Pompeio aut cum aliquo cotidie id. Brut. 90, 310; Vell. 1, 17; Tac. A. 1, 4: (Tiberius) neque spectacula omnino edidit;et iis, quae ab aliquo ederentur, rarissime interfuit,
Suet. Tib. 47.—In a pregn. signif. as in Gr. tis, ti, something considerable, important, or great = aliquid magnum (v. supra. I. B.; cf. in Gr. hoti oiesthe ti poiein ouden poiountes, Plat. Symp. 1, 4):1.non omnia in ducis, aliquid et in militum manu esse,
Liv. 45, 36.—Hence, esp.,Esse aliquem or aliquid, to be somebody or something, i. e to be of some worth, value, or note, to be esteemed:2.atque fac, ut me velis esse aliquem,
Cic. Att. 3, 15 fin.:aude aliquid brevibus Gyaris dignum, si vis esse aliquis,
Juv. 1, 73:an quidquam stultius quam quos singulos contemnas, eos esse aliquid putare universos?
Cic. Tusc. 5, 36, 104:exstitit Theodas dicens se esse aliquem,
Vulg. Act. 5, 36: si umquam in dicendo fuimus aliquid. Cic. Att. 4, 2:ego quoque aliquid sum,
id. Fam. 6, 18:qui videbantur aliquid esse,
Vulg. Gal. 2, 2; 2, 6: quod te cum Culeone scribis de privilegio locutum, est aliquid ( it is something, it is no trifle):sed, etc.,
Cic. Att. 3, 15: est istuc quidem aliquid, sed, etc.; id. Sen. 3; id. Cat. 1, 4:est aliquid nupsisse Jovi,
Ov. F. 6, 27:Est aliquid de tot Graiorum milibus unum A Diomede legi,
id. M. 13, 241:est aliquid unius sese dominum fecisse lacertae,
Juv. 3, 230:omina sunt aliquid,
Ov. Am. 1, 12, 3; so,crimen abesse,
id. F. 1, 484:Sunt aliquid Manes,
Prop. 5, 7, 1:est aliquid eloquentia,
Quint. 1, prooem. fin. —Dicere aliquid, like legein ti, to say something worth the while:3.diceres aliquid et magno quidem philosopho dignum,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 16, 35; cf. Herm. ad Vig. 731; 755; so, assequi aliquid, to effect something considerable:Etenim si nunc aliquid assequi se putant, qui ostium Ponti viderunt,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 20, 45.—In colloquial lang.: fiet aliquid, something important or great, will, may come to pass or happen: Ch. Invenietur, exquiretur, aliquid fiet. Eu. Enicas. Jam istuc aliquid fiet, metuo, Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 25:D.mane, aliquid fiet, ne abi,
id. Truc. 2, 4, 15; Ter. And. 2, 1, 14.—Ad aliquid esse, in gram. lang., to refer or relate to something else, e. g. pater, filius, frater, etc. (v. ad):E.idem cum interrogantur, cur aper apri et pater patris faciat, il lud nomen positum, hoc ad aliquid esse contendunt,
Quint. 1, 6, 13 Halm.—Atque aliquis, poet. in imitation of hôide de tis, and thus some one (Hom. II. 7, 178;F.7, 201 al.): Atque aliquis, magno quaerens exempla timori, Non alios, inquit, motus, etc.,
Luc. 2, 67 Web.; Stat. Th. 1, 171; Claud. Eutr. 1, 350.—It is sometimes omitted before qui, esp. in the phrase est qui, sunt qui:G.praemittebatque de stipulatoribus suis, qui perscrutarentur, etc.,
Cic. Off. 2, 7, 25:sunt quibus in satirā videar nimis acer,
Hor. S. 2, 1, 1:sunt qui adiciant his evidentiam, quae, etc.,
Quint. 4, 2, § 63 (cf. on the contr. § 69: verum in his quoque confessionibus est aliquid. quod ex invidiā detrahi possit).—Aliquid, like nihil (q. v. I. g), is used of persons:A.Hinc ad Antonium nemo, illinc ad Caesarem cotidie aliquid transfugiebat,
Vell. 2, 84, 2 (cf. in Gr. tôn d allôn ou per ti... oute theôn out anthrôpôn, Hom. H. Ven. 34 sq. Herm.).— Hence the advv.ălĭquid (prop. acc. denoting in what respect, with a verb or [p. 89] adj.; so in Gr. ti), somewhat, in something, in some degree, to some extent:B.illud vereor, ne tibi illum succensere aliquid suspicere,
Cic. Deiot. 13, 35:si in me aliquid offendistis,
at all, in any respect, id. Mil. 36, 99:quos tamen aliquid usus ac disciplina sublevarent,
somewhat, Caes. B. G. 1, 40:Philippi regnum officere aliquid videtur libertati vestrae,
Liv. 31, 29:Nos aliquid Rutulos contra juvisse nefandum est?
Verg. A. 10, 84:neque circumcisio aliquid valet,
Vulg. Gal. 6, 15:perlucens jam aliquid, incerta tamen lux,
Liv. 41, 2:aliquid et spatio fessus,
Plin. 5, 9, 10, § 54; cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 259; Ellendt ad Cic. de Or. 1, 9, 35.—ălĭquō (from aliquoi, old dat. denoting direction whither; cf.: eo, quo, alio, etc.).1.Somewhither (arch.), to some place, somewhere; in the comic poets sometimes also with a subst. added, which designates the place more definitely:2.ut aliquo ex urbe amoveas,
Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 94:aliquo abicere,
Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26:concludere,
id. Eun. 4, 3, 25 (cf. id. Ad. 4, 2, 13, in cellam aliquam concludere):ab eorum oculis aliquo concederes,
Cic. Cat. 1, 17:demigrandum potius aliquo est quam, etc.,
id. Dom. 100:aliquem aliquo impellere,
id. Vatin. 15:aliquo exire,
id. Q. Fr. 3, 1:aliquo advenire vel sicunde discedere,
Suet. Calig. 4; Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 51; id. Men. 5, 1, 3:in angulum Aliquo abire,
Ter. Ad. 5, 2, 10; 3, 3, 6:aliquem rus aliquo educere,
Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 3.—With a gen., like quo, ubi, etc.: migrandum Rhodum aut aliquo terrarum, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 5.—With the idea of alio implied, = alio quo, somewhere else, to some other place (cf. aliquis, II. B.):C.dum proficiscor aliquo,
Ter. And. 2, 1, 28:at certe ut hinc concedas aliquo,
id. Heaut. 3, 3, 11:si te parentes timerent atque odissent tui, ab eorum oculis aliquo concederes,
Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 17; cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 265.—ălĭquam, adv. (prop. acc. fem.), = in aliquam partem, in some degree; only in connection with diu, multus, and plures.1.Aliquam diu (B. and K.), or together aliquamdiu (Madv., Halm, Dietsch), awhile, for a while, for some time; also pregn., for some considerable time (most freq. in the histt., esp. Cæs. and Livy; also in Cic.).a.Absol.:b.ut non aliquando condemnatum esse Oppianicum, sed aliquam diu incolumem fuisse miremini,
Cic. Clu. 9, 25:Aristum Athenis audivit aliquam diu,
id. Ac. 1, 3, 12:in vincula conjectus est, in quibus aliquamdiu fuit,
Nep. Con. 5, 3;id. Dion, 3, 1: quā in parte rex affuit, ibi aliquamdiu certatum,
Sall. J. 74, 3; Liv. 3, 70, 4.—Often followed by deinde, postea, postremo, tandem, etc.:* c.pugnatur aliquamdiu pari contentione: deinde, etc., Auct. B. G. 8, 19, 3: cunctati aliquamdiu sunt: pudor deinde commovit aciem,
Liv. 2, 10, 9; so id. 1, 16:quos aliquamdiu inermos timuissent, hos postea armatos superāssent,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 6:controversia aliquamdiu fuit: postremo, etc.,
Liv. 3, 32, 7; 25, 15, 14; 45, 6, 6:ibi aliquamdiu atrox pugna stetit: tandem, etc.,
Liv. 29, 2, 15; 34, 28, 4 and 11; Suet. Ner. 6.—With donec, as a more definite limitation of time, some time... until, a considerable time... until:d.exanimis aliquamdiu jacuit, donec, etc.,
Suet. Caes. 82. —Meton., for a long distance; most freq. of rivers:2.Rhodanus aliquamdiu Gallias dirimit,
Mel. 2, 5, 5; so id. 3, 5, 6; 3, 9, 8 al.—Of the Corycian cave in Cilicia:deinde aliquamdiu perspicuus, mox, et quo magis subitur, obscurior,
Mel. 1, 13.—Aliquam multi, or aliquammulti, somewhat many, considerable in number or quantity (mostly post-class.):D.sunt vestrūm aliquam multi, qui L. Pisonem cognōrunt,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 56 B. and K.: aliquammultos non comparuisse, * Gell. 3, 10, 17 Hertz:aliquammultis diebus decumbo,
App. Mag. p. 320, 10.—Also adv.: aliquam multum, something much, to a considerable distance, considerably:sed haec defensio, ut dixi, aliquam multum a me remota est,
App. Mag. p. 276, 7 dub.—And comp. * aliquam plures, somewhat more, considerably more:aliquam pluribus et amarioribus perorantem,
Tert. Apol. 12 dub.; cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 243.—ălĭquā, adv. (prop. abl. fem.).1.Somewhere (like mod. Engl. somewhere for somewhither):2.antevenito aliquā aliquos,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 66: aliquā evolare si posset, * Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 67:si quā evasissent aliquā,
Liv. 26, 27, 12.—Transf. to action, in some way or other, in some manner, = aliquo modo:E.aliquid aliquā sentire,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 62: evadere aliquā, Lucil. ap. Non. 293, 1:aliquid aliquā resciscere,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 19, and 4, 1, 19: aliquā nocere, * Verg. E. 3, 15:aliquā obesse,
App. Mag. p. 295, 17.—ălĭqui, adv. (prop. abl. = aliquo modo), in some way, somehow:► The forms aliqua, neutr.Quamquam ego tibi videor stultus, gaudere me aliqui volo,
Plaut. Truc. 5, 30 (but in this and like cases, aliqui may be treated as the abl. subst.; cf. supra, I. A.); cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 242.plur., and aliquam, acc., and aliquā, abl., used adverbially, may also be referred to the adj. ălĭqui, ălĭqua, ălĭquod. -
16 aliquod
ălĭquis, aliquid; plur. aliqui [alius-quis; cf. Engl. somebody or other, i.e. some person [p. 88] obscurely definite; v. Donald. Varron. p. 381 sq.] ( fem. sing. rare).— Abl. sing. aliqui, Plaut. Aul. prol. 24; id. Most. 1, 3, 18; id. Truc. 5, 30; id. Ep. 3, 1, 11.— Nom. plur. masc. aliques, analog. to ques, from quis, acc. to Charis. 133 P.— Nom. and acc. plur. neutr. always aliqua.— Dat. and abl. plur. aliquibus, Liv. 22, 13;I.oftener aliquis,
id. 26, 15; 26, 49; Plin. 2, 48, 49, § 131.—Alicui, trisyl., Tib. 4, 7, 2), indef. subst. pron., some one, somebody, any one, something, any thing; in the plur., some, any (it is opp. to an object definitely stated, as also to no one, nobody. The synn. quis, aliquis, and quidam designate an object not denoted by name; quis leaves not merely the object, but even its existence, uncertain; hence it is in gen. used in hypoth. and conditional clauses, with si, nisi, num, quando, etc.; aliquis, more emphatic than quis, denotes that an object really exists, but that nothing depends upon its individuality; no matter of what kind it may be, if it is only one, and not none; quidam indicates not merely the existence and individuality of an object, but that it is known as such to the speaker, only that he is not acquainted with, or does not choose to give, its more definite relations; cf. Jahn ad Ov. M. 9, 429, and the works there referred to).A.. In gen.: nam nos decebat domum Lugere, ubi esset aliquis in lucem editus, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 115 (as a transl. of Eurip. Cresph. Fragm. ap. Stob. tit. 121, Edei gar hêmas sullogon poioumenous Ton phunta thrênein, etc.):B.Ervom tibi aliquis cras faxo ad villam adferat,
Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 65:hunc videre saepe optabamus diem, Quom ex te esset aliquis, qui te appellaret patrem,
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 30:utinam modo agatur aliquid!
Cic. Att. 3, 15:aliquid facerem, ut hoc ne facerem,
I would do any thing, that I might not do this, Ter. And. 1, 5, 24; so id. Phorm. 5, 6, 34:fit plerumque, ut ei, qui boni quid volunt adferre, adfingant aliquid, quo faciant id, quod nuntiant, laetius,
Cic. Phil. 1, 3:quamvis enim demersae sunt leges alicujus opibus,
id. Off. 2, 7, 24:quod motum adfert alicui,
to any thing, id. Tusc. 1, 23, 53: te donabo ego hodie aliqui (abl.), Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 18; so, gaudere aliqui me volo, in some thing (or some way), id. Truc. 5, 30:nec manibus humanis (Deus) colitur indigens aliquo,
any thing, Vulg. Act. 17, 25:non est tua ulla culpa, si te aliqui timuerunt,
Cic. Marcell. 6 fin.:in narratione, ut aliqua neganda, aliqua adicienda, sic aliqua etiam tacenda,
Quint. 4, 2, 67:sunt aliqua epistulis eorum inserta,
Tac. Or. 25:laudare aliqua, ferre quaedam,
Quint. 2, 4, 12:quaero, utrum aliquid actum an nihil arbitremur,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 15: quisquis est ille, si modo est aliquis (i. e. if only there is some one), qui, etc., id. Brut. 73, 255; so id. Ac. 2, 43, 132, etc.; Liv. 2, 10 fin.:nunc aliquis dicat mihi: Quid tu?
Hor. S. 1, 3, 19; so id. ib. 2, 2, 94; 2, 2, 105; 2, 3, 6; 2, 5, 42, and id. Ep. 2, 1, 206.— Fem. sing.:Forsitan audieris aliquam certamine cursus Veloces superāsse viros,
Ov. M. 10, 560:si qua tibi spon sa est, haec tibi sive aliqua est,
id. ib. 4, 326.—Not unfrequently with adj.:C.Novo modo novum aliquid inventum adferre addecet,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 156:novum aliquid advertere,
Tac. A. 15, 30:judicabant esse profecto aliquid naturā pulchrum atque praeclarum,
Cic. Sen. 13, 43:mihi ne diuturnum quidem quidquam videtur, in quo est aliquid extremum,
in which there is any end, id. ib. 19, 69; cf. id. ib. 2, 5:dignum aliquid elaborare,
Tac. Or. 9:aliquid improvisum, inopinatum,
Liv. 27, 43:aliquid exquisitum,
Tac. A. 12, 66:aliquid illustre et dignum memoriā,
id. Or. 20:sanctum aliquid et providum,
id. G. 8:insigne aliquid faceret eis,
Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 31:aliquid magnum,
Verg. A. 9, 186, and 10, 547:quos magnum aliquid deceret, Juv 8, 263: dicens se esse aliquem magnum,
Vulg. Act. 8, 9:majus aliquid et excelsius,
Tac. A. 3, 53:melius aliquid,
Vulg. Heb. 11, 40:deterius aliquid,
ib. Joan. 5, 14.—Also with unus, to designate a single, but not otherwise defined person:ad unum aliquem confugiebant,
Cic. Off. 2, 12, 41 (cf. id. ib. 2, 12, 42: id si ab uno justo et bono viro consequebantur, erant, etc.): sin aliquis excellit unus e multis;effert se, si unum aliquid adfert,
id. de Or. 3, 33, 136; so id. Verr. 2, 2, 52:aliquis unus pluresve divitiores,
id. Rep. 1, 32: nam si natura non prohibet et esse virum bonum et esse dicendiperitum:cur non aliquis etiam unus utrumque consequi possit? cur autem non se quisque speret fore illum aliquem?
that one, Quint. 12, 1, 31; 1, 12, 2.—Partitive with ex, de, or the gen.:D.aliquis ex vobis,
Cic. Cael. 3:aliquem ex privatis audimus jussisse, etc.,
Plin. 13, 3, 4, § 22:ex principibus aliquis,
Vulg. Joan. 7, 48; ib. Rom. 11, 14:aliquis de tribus nobis,
Cic. Leg. 3, 7:si de iis aliqui remanserint,
Vulg. Lev. 26, 39; ib. 2 Reg. 9, 3:suorum aliquis,
Cic. Phil. 8, 9:exspectabam aliquem meorum,
id. Att. 13, 15: succurret fortasse alicui vestrūm, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1:trium rerum aliqua consequemur,
Cic. Part. 8, 30:impetratum ab aliquo vestrūm,
Tac. Or. 15; so Vulg. 1 Cor. 6, 1:principum aliquis,
Tac. G. 13:cum popularibus et aliquibus principum,
Liv. 22, 13:horum aliquid,
Vulg. Lev. 15, 10.—Aliquid (nom. or acc.), with gen. of a subst. or of a neutr, adj. of second decl. instead of the adj. aliqui, aliqua, aliquod, agreeing with such word:E.aliquid pugnae,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 54:vestimenti aridi,
id. Rud. 2, 6, 16:consilii,
id. Ep. 2, 2, 71:monstri,
Ter. And. 1, 5, 15:scitamentorum,
Plaut. Men. 1, 3, 26:armorum,
Tac. G. 18:boni,
Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 5; Ter. And. 2, 3, 24; Vulg. Joan. 1, 46:aequi,
Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 33:mali,
Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 60; Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 29:novi,
Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 1, 1; Vulg. Act. 17, 21:potionis,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 22:virium,
Cic. Fam. 11, 18:falsi,
id. Caecin. 1, 3:vacui,
Quint. 10, 6, 1:mdefensi,
Liv. 26, 5 al. —Very rarely in abl.:aliquo loci morari,
Dig. 18, 7, 1.—Frequently, esp. in Cic., with the kindred words aliquando, alicubi, aliquo, etc., for the sake of emphasis or rhetorical fulness, Cic. Planc. 14, 35:F.asperius locutus est aliquid aliquando,
id. ib. 13, 33; id. Sest. 6, 14; id. Mil. 25, 67:non despero fore aliquem aliquando,
id. de Or. 1, 21, 95; id. Rep. 1, 9; id. Or. 42, 144; id. Fam. 7, 11 med.: evadat saltem aliquid aliquā, quod conatus sum, Lucil. ap. Non. 293, 1; App. Mag. p. 295, 17 al.—In conditional clauses with si, nisi, quod si, etc.:G.si aliquid de summā gravitate Pompeius dimisisset,
Cic. Phil. 13, 1: si aliquid ( really any thing, in contrast with nihil) dandum est voluptati, id. Sen. 13, 44: quod si non possimus aliquid proficere suadendo, Lucc. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 14, 5:Quod si de iis aliqui remanserint,
Vulg. Lev. 26, 39:si quando aliquid tamquam aliqua fabella narratur,
Cic. de Or. 2, 59:si quis vobis aliquid dixerit,
Vulg. Matt. 21, 3; ib. Luc. 19, 8:si aliquem, cui narraret, habuisset,
Cic. Lael. 23, 88:si aliquem nacti sumus, cujus, etc.,
id. ib. 8, 27:cui (puero) si aliquid erit,
id. Fam. 14, 1:nisi alicui suorum negotium daret,
Nep. Dion, 8, 2:si aliquid eorum praestitit,
Liv. 24, 8.—In negative clauses with ne:H.Pompeius cavebat omnia, no aliquid vos timeretis,
Cic. Mil. 24, 66:ne, si tibi sit pecunia adempta, aliquis dicat,
Nep. Epam. 4, 4:ne alicui dicerent,
Vulg. Luc. 8, 46.—In Plaut. and Ter. collect. with a plur. verb (cf. tis, Matth. Gr. 673): aperite atque Erotium aliquis evocate, open, some one (of you), etc., Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 111 (cf. id. Ps. 5, 1, 37:I.me adesse quis nuntiate): aperite aliquis actutum ostium,
Ter. Ad. 4, 4, 27.—In Verg. once with the second person sing.:► In the following passages, with the critical authority added, aliquis seems to stand for the adj.Exoriare aliquis nostris ex ossibus ultor, Qui face Dardanios ferroque sequare colonos,
Verg. A. 4, 625.aliqui, as nemo sometimes stands with a noun for the adj. nullus:II.nos quibus est alicunde aliquis objectus labos,
Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 6 Fleck.;Et ait idem, ut aliquis metus adjunctus sit ad gratiam,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 7, 24 B. and K.:num igitur aliquis dolor in corpore est?
id. Tusc. 1, 34, 82 iid.:ut aliquis nos deus tolleret,
id. Am. 23, 87 iid.: sin casus aliquis interpellārit, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8 iid.:si deus aliquis vitas repente mutāsset,
Tac. Or. 41 Halm:sic est aliquis oratorum campus,
id. ib. 39 id.:sive sensus aliquis argutā sententiā effulsit,
id. ib. 20 id. A similar use of aliquid for the adj. aliquod was asserted to exist in Plaut. by Lind. ad Cic. Inv. 2, 6, 399, and this is repeated by Klotz, s. v. aliquis, but Lemaire's Index gives only one instance: ni occupo aliquid mihi consilium, Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 94, where Brix now reads aliquod.Esp.A.With alius, aliud: some or any other, something else, any thing else:B.dum aliud aliquid flagitii conficiat,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 2, 5:potest fieri, ut alius aliquis Cornelius sit,
Cic. Fragm. B. VI. 21:ut per alium aliquem te ipsum ulciscantur,
id. Div. in Caecil. 6, 22:non est in alio aliquo salus,
Vulg. Act. 4, 12:aliquid aliud promittere,
Petr. 10, 5 al. —And with the idea of alius implied, in opp. to a definite object or objects, some or any other, something else, any thing else: aut ture aut vino aut aliqui (abl.) semper supplicat, Plaut. Aul prol. 24:C.vellem aliquid Antonio praeter illum libellum libuisset scribere,
Cic. Brut. 44:aut ipse occurrebat aut aliquos mittebat,
Liv. 34, 38:cum seditionem sedare vellem, cum frumentum imperarem..., cum aliquid denique rei publicae causā gererem,
Cic. Verr. 1, 27, 20: commentabar declamitans saepe cum M. Pisone et cum Q. Pompeio aut cum aliquo cotidie id. Brut. 90, 310; Vell. 1, 17; Tac. A. 1, 4: (Tiberius) neque spectacula omnino edidit;et iis, quae ab aliquo ederentur, rarissime interfuit,
Suet. Tib. 47.—In a pregn. signif. as in Gr. tis, ti, something considerable, important, or great = aliquid magnum (v. supra. I. B.; cf. in Gr. hoti oiesthe ti poiein ouden poiountes, Plat. Symp. 1, 4):1.non omnia in ducis, aliquid et in militum manu esse,
Liv. 45, 36.—Hence, esp.,Esse aliquem or aliquid, to be somebody or something, i. e to be of some worth, value, or note, to be esteemed:2.atque fac, ut me velis esse aliquem,
Cic. Att. 3, 15 fin.:aude aliquid brevibus Gyaris dignum, si vis esse aliquis,
Juv. 1, 73:an quidquam stultius quam quos singulos contemnas, eos esse aliquid putare universos?
Cic. Tusc. 5, 36, 104:exstitit Theodas dicens se esse aliquem,
Vulg. Act. 5, 36: si umquam in dicendo fuimus aliquid. Cic. Att. 4, 2:ego quoque aliquid sum,
id. Fam. 6, 18:qui videbantur aliquid esse,
Vulg. Gal. 2, 2; 2, 6: quod te cum Culeone scribis de privilegio locutum, est aliquid ( it is something, it is no trifle):sed, etc.,
Cic. Att. 3, 15: est istuc quidem aliquid, sed, etc.; id. Sen. 3; id. Cat. 1, 4:est aliquid nupsisse Jovi,
Ov. F. 6, 27:Est aliquid de tot Graiorum milibus unum A Diomede legi,
id. M. 13, 241:est aliquid unius sese dominum fecisse lacertae,
Juv. 3, 230:omina sunt aliquid,
Ov. Am. 1, 12, 3; so,crimen abesse,
id. F. 1, 484:Sunt aliquid Manes,
Prop. 5, 7, 1:est aliquid eloquentia,
Quint. 1, prooem. fin. —Dicere aliquid, like legein ti, to say something worth the while:3.diceres aliquid et magno quidem philosopho dignum,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 16, 35; cf. Herm. ad Vig. 731; 755; so, assequi aliquid, to effect something considerable:Etenim si nunc aliquid assequi se putant, qui ostium Ponti viderunt,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 20, 45.—In colloquial lang.: fiet aliquid, something important or great, will, may come to pass or happen: Ch. Invenietur, exquiretur, aliquid fiet. Eu. Enicas. Jam istuc aliquid fiet, metuo, Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 25:D.mane, aliquid fiet, ne abi,
id. Truc. 2, 4, 15; Ter. And. 2, 1, 14.—Ad aliquid esse, in gram. lang., to refer or relate to something else, e. g. pater, filius, frater, etc. (v. ad):E.idem cum interrogantur, cur aper apri et pater patris faciat, il lud nomen positum, hoc ad aliquid esse contendunt,
Quint. 1, 6, 13 Halm.—Atque aliquis, poet. in imitation of hôide de tis, and thus some one (Hom. II. 7, 178;F.7, 201 al.): Atque aliquis, magno quaerens exempla timori, Non alios, inquit, motus, etc.,
Luc. 2, 67 Web.; Stat. Th. 1, 171; Claud. Eutr. 1, 350.—It is sometimes omitted before qui, esp. in the phrase est qui, sunt qui:G.praemittebatque de stipulatoribus suis, qui perscrutarentur, etc.,
Cic. Off. 2, 7, 25:sunt quibus in satirā videar nimis acer,
Hor. S. 2, 1, 1:sunt qui adiciant his evidentiam, quae, etc.,
Quint. 4, 2, § 63 (cf. on the contr. § 69: verum in his quoque confessionibus est aliquid. quod ex invidiā detrahi possit).—Aliquid, like nihil (q. v. I. g), is used of persons:A.Hinc ad Antonium nemo, illinc ad Caesarem cotidie aliquid transfugiebat,
Vell. 2, 84, 2 (cf. in Gr. tôn d allôn ou per ti... oute theôn out anthrôpôn, Hom. H. Ven. 34 sq. Herm.).— Hence the advv.ălĭquid (prop. acc. denoting in what respect, with a verb or [p. 89] adj.; so in Gr. ti), somewhat, in something, in some degree, to some extent:B.illud vereor, ne tibi illum succensere aliquid suspicere,
Cic. Deiot. 13, 35:si in me aliquid offendistis,
at all, in any respect, id. Mil. 36, 99:quos tamen aliquid usus ac disciplina sublevarent,
somewhat, Caes. B. G. 1, 40:Philippi regnum officere aliquid videtur libertati vestrae,
Liv. 31, 29:Nos aliquid Rutulos contra juvisse nefandum est?
Verg. A. 10, 84:neque circumcisio aliquid valet,
Vulg. Gal. 6, 15:perlucens jam aliquid, incerta tamen lux,
Liv. 41, 2:aliquid et spatio fessus,
Plin. 5, 9, 10, § 54; cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 259; Ellendt ad Cic. de Or. 1, 9, 35.—ălĭquō (from aliquoi, old dat. denoting direction whither; cf.: eo, quo, alio, etc.).1.Somewhither (arch.), to some place, somewhere; in the comic poets sometimes also with a subst. added, which designates the place more definitely:2.ut aliquo ex urbe amoveas,
Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 94:aliquo abicere,
Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26:concludere,
id. Eun. 4, 3, 25 (cf. id. Ad. 4, 2, 13, in cellam aliquam concludere):ab eorum oculis aliquo concederes,
Cic. Cat. 1, 17:demigrandum potius aliquo est quam, etc.,
id. Dom. 100:aliquem aliquo impellere,
id. Vatin. 15:aliquo exire,
id. Q. Fr. 3, 1:aliquo advenire vel sicunde discedere,
Suet. Calig. 4; Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 51; id. Men. 5, 1, 3:in angulum Aliquo abire,
Ter. Ad. 5, 2, 10; 3, 3, 6:aliquem rus aliquo educere,
Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 3.—With a gen., like quo, ubi, etc.: migrandum Rhodum aut aliquo terrarum, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 5.—With the idea of alio implied, = alio quo, somewhere else, to some other place (cf. aliquis, II. B.):C.dum proficiscor aliquo,
Ter. And. 2, 1, 28:at certe ut hinc concedas aliquo,
id. Heaut. 3, 3, 11:si te parentes timerent atque odissent tui, ab eorum oculis aliquo concederes,
Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 17; cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 265.—ălĭquam, adv. (prop. acc. fem.), = in aliquam partem, in some degree; only in connection with diu, multus, and plures.1.Aliquam diu (B. and K.), or together aliquamdiu (Madv., Halm, Dietsch), awhile, for a while, for some time; also pregn., for some considerable time (most freq. in the histt., esp. Cæs. and Livy; also in Cic.).a.Absol.:b.ut non aliquando condemnatum esse Oppianicum, sed aliquam diu incolumem fuisse miremini,
Cic. Clu. 9, 25:Aristum Athenis audivit aliquam diu,
id. Ac. 1, 3, 12:in vincula conjectus est, in quibus aliquamdiu fuit,
Nep. Con. 5, 3;id. Dion, 3, 1: quā in parte rex affuit, ibi aliquamdiu certatum,
Sall. J. 74, 3; Liv. 3, 70, 4.—Often followed by deinde, postea, postremo, tandem, etc.:* c.pugnatur aliquamdiu pari contentione: deinde, etc., Auct. B. G. 8, 19, 3: cunctati aliquamdiu sunt: pudor deinde commovit aciem,
Liv. 2, 10, 9; so id. 1, 16:quos aliquamdiu inermos timuissent, hos postea armatos superāssent,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 6:controversia aliquamdiu fuit: postremo, etc.,
Liv. 3, 32, 7; 25, 15, 14; 45, 6, 6:ibi aliquamdiu atrox pugna stetit: tandem, etc.,
Liv. 29, 2, 15; 34, 28, 4 and 11; Suet. Ner. 6.—With donec, as a more definite limitation of time, some time... until, a considerable time... until:d.exanimis aliquamdiu jacuit, donec, etc.,
Suet. Caes. 82. —Meton., for a long distance; most freq. of rivers:2.Rhodanus aliquamdiu Gallias dirimit,
Mel. 2, 5, 5; so id. 3, 5, 6; 3, 9, 8 al.—Of the Corycian cave in Cilicia:deinde aliquamdiu perspicuus, mox, et quo magis subitur, obscurior,
Mel. 1, 13.—Aliquam multi, or aliquammulti, somewhat many, considerable in number or quantity (mostly post-class.):D.sunt vestrūm aliquam multi, qui L. Pisonem cognōrunt,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 56 B. and K.: aliquammultos non comparuisse, * Gell. 3, 10, 17 Hertz:aliquammultis diebus decumbo,
App. Mag. p. 320, 10.—Also adv.: aliquam multum, something much, to a considerable distance, considerably:sed haec defensio, ut dixi, aliquam multum a me remota est,
App. Mag. p. 276, 7 dub.—And comp. * aliquam plures, somewhat more, considerably more:aliquam pluribus et amarioribus perorantem,
Tert. Apol. 12 dub.; cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 243.—ălĭquā, adv. (prop. abl. fem.).1.Somewhere (like mod. Engl. somewhere for somewhither):2.antevenito aliquā aliquos,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 66: aliquā evolare si posset, * Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 67:si quā evasissent aliquā,
Liv. 26, 27, 12.—Transf. to action, in some way or other, in some manner, = aliquo modo:E.aliquid aliquā sentire,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 62: evadere aliquā, Lucil. ap. Non. 293, 1:aliquid aliquā resciscere,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 19, and 4, 1, 19: aliquā nocere, * Verg. E. 3, 15:aliquā obesse,
App. Mag. p. 295, 17.—ălĭqui, adv. (prop. abl. = aliquo modo), in some way, somehow:► The forms aliqua, neutr.Quamquam ego tibi videor stultus, gaudere me aliqui volo,
Plaut. Truc. 5, 30 (but in this and like cases, aliqui may be treated as the abl. subst.; cf. supra, I. A.); cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 242.plur., and aliquam, acc., and aliquā, abl., used adverbially, may also be referred to the adj. ălĭqui, ălĭqua, ălĭquod. -
17 medium
medium ī, n [medius].—In space, the middle, midst, centre, interval, intervening space: in medio aedium sedens, L.: in agmine in medio adesse, S.: medio viae ponere, L.: medio stans hostia ad aram, V.: medio tutissimus ibis, O.: in medium sarcinas coniciunt, L.: Horum unum ad medium Transadigit (hasta), through the middle, V.—Of time: iam diei medium erat, the middle, L.: Nec longum in medio tempus, cum, etc., interval, V.— The midst, public, community: in medio omnibus Palma est posita, qui, etc., open to all, T.: rem totam in medio ponere, publicly: dicendi ratio in medio posita<*> open to all: Transvolat in medio posita, what is obvious, H.: rem in medium proferre, publish: rem in medium vocare coeperunt, before the public. in medio relinquere, leave undecided: cum iacentia (verba) sustulimus e medio, adopt common words: ex medio res arcessit comoedia, common life, H.: removendae de medio litterae, done away with: hominem de medio tolli posse, be put out of the way: e medio excessit, is dead, T.: tollite lumen E medio, Iu.: recede de medio, go away: in medio esse, be present, T.: venient in medium, come forward: consulere in medium, for the general good, V.: in medium quaerebant, to supply the wants of all, V.: laudem in medium conferentes, ascribing to the whole body (of magistrates), L.: In medium discenda dabat, for all to learn, O.—Fig., a mean, middle course: medium ferire, i. e. strike out a middle theory: mediis copulare concordiam, by a compromise, L.: Virtus est medium vitiorum, H.— Plur, a moderate fortune, middling circumstances: intactu invidiā media sunt, L.* * *middle, center; medium, mean; midst, community, public; publicity -
18 aeternum
aeternus, a, um, adj. [contr. from aeviternus, Varr. L. L. 6, § 11 Müll., from aevum, with the termination -ternus as in sempiternus, hesternus], without beginning or end, eternal (sempiternus denotes what is perpetual, what exists as long as time endures, and keeps even pace with it; aeternus, the eternal, that which is raised above all time, and can be measured only by œons (aiônes, indefinite periods);I.for Tempus est pars quaedam aeternitatis,
Cic. Inv. 1, 27, 39. Thus the sublime thought, without beginning and end, is more vividly suggested by aeternus than by sempiternus, since the former has more direct reference to the long duration of the eternal, which has neither beginning nor end. Sempiternus is rather a mathematical, aeternus a metaphysical, designation of eternity, Doed. Syn. I. p. 3).Lit.A.Of the past and future, eternal:B.deus beatus et aeternus,
Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 88:nihil quod ortum sit, aeternum esse potest,
id. N. D. 1, 8:O Pater, o hominum rerumque aeterna Potestas,
Verg. A. 10, 18:di semper fuerunt, nati numquam sunt, siquidem aeterni sunt futuri,
Cic. N. D. 1, 32, 90:idem legis perpetuae et aeternae vim Jovem dicit esse,
id. ib. 1, 15, 40:nomen Domini Dei aeterni,
Vulg. Gen. 21, 33; ib. Rom. 16, 26:aeternum tempus,
Lucr. 1, 582:causae immutabiles eaeque aeternae,
Cic. Fat. 12, 48. —Of the future, everlasting, endless, immortal:C.natura animi... neque nata certe est et aeterna est,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 23:virorum bonorum mentes divinae mihi atque aeternae videntur esse,
id. Rab. 29:aeternam timuerunt noctem,
Verg. G. 1, 468:Quod semper movetur, aeternum est,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 23:Quidquid est illud quod sentit... caeleste et divinum ob eamque rem aeternum sit, necesse est,
id. ib. 1, 27:ut habeam vitam aeternam,
Vulg. Matt. 19, 16; ib. Joan. 3, 15; ib. Rom. 2, 7:in sanguine testamenti aeterni,
ib. Heb. 13, 20:tu Juppiter bonorum inimicos aeternis suppliciis vivos mortuosque mactabis,
Cic. Cat. 2, 13:ibunt in supplicium aeternum,
Vulg. Matt. 25, 46: [p. 64] aeternas poenas in morte timendumst, Lucr. 1, 111:mitti in ignem aeternum,
Vulg. Matt. 18, 8.—Of the past:D.ex aeterno tempore quaeque Nunc etiam superare necessest corpora rebus,
from eternity, Lucr. 1, 578:motum animorum nullo a principio, sed ex aeterno tempore intellegi convenire,
Cic. Fin. 1, 6.—Spec. of objects of nature, which the ancients regarded as stable and perpetual, everlasting, eternal: aeterna templa caeli, Poët. ap. Varr. L. L. 6, 11, p. 77 Müll.:II.aeternam lampada mundi,
Lucr. 5, 402:micant aeterni sidera mundi,
id. 5, 514:aeterna domus, i. e. caelum,
Cic. Rep. 6, 23:donec veniret desiderium collium aeternorum,
the everlasting hills, Vulg. Gen. 49, 26; ib. Ps. 75, 5; cf. ib. Ps. 103, 5.—Meton., of indef. long time.A.Of the future, lasting, enduring, everlasting, perpetual:B. III.aeterni parietes,
Plin. 35, 14, 49, § 172:dehinc spero aeternam inter nos gratiam fore,
Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 33:aeternus luctus,
Lucr. 3, 924:dolor,
id. 3, 1003:vulnus,
id. 2, 369; so Verg. A. 1, 36:aerumna,
Cic. Sen. 34:mala,
Verg. Cul. 130:bellum,
Cic. Cat. 4, 22:dedecus,
id. Font. 88:imperium,
id. Rab. 33; so Verg. A. 1, 230:versūs,
Lucr. 1, 121:ignis sacerdotis,
Cic. Font. 47:gloria,
id. Cat. 4, 21:laus,
id. Planc. 26:memoria,
id. Verr. 4, 69:non dubitat Lentulum aeternis tenebris vinculisque mandare,
id. Cat. 4, 10.—Comic.:spero me ob hunc nuntium aeternum adepturum cibum,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 13. Esp. of Rome:aeterna urbs,
the Eternal City, Tib. 2, 5, 23; Ov. F. 3, 72; Cod. Th. 10, 16, 1; Symm. Ep. 3, 55; Inscr. Orell. 2, 1140.— Comp.: nec est ulli ligno aeternior natura. Plin. 14, 1, 2, § 9:aeterniora mala,
Lact. Epit. 9.—Adv. phrases.1. A.Lit., forever, everlastingly:B.et vivat in aeternum,
Vulg. Gen. 3, 22:hoc nomen mihi est in aeternum,
ib. Exod. 3, 15:Dominus in aeternum permanet,
ib. Psa. 9, 8:vivet in aeternum,
ib. Joan. 6, 52:Tu es sacerdos in aeternum,
ib. Heb. 5, 6:non habebit remissionem in aeternum,
ib. Marc. 3, 29.—Meton., of indef. long time, forever, always:2. A.urbs in aeternum condita,
Liv. 4, 4:leges in aeternum latae,
id. 34, 6:(proverbia) durant in aeternum,
Quint. 5, 11, 41:delatores non in praesens tantum, sed in aeternum repressisti,
Plin. Pan. 35:(famulos) possidebitis in aeternum,
Vulg. Lev. 25, 46:(servus) serviet tibi usque in aeternum,
ib. Deut. 15, 17:ut sceleris memoria maneat in aeternum,
Lact. 1, 11.—Lit., forever:B. C.sedet aeternumque sedebit Infelix Theseus,
Verg. A. 6, 617:ut aeternum illum reciperes,
Vulg. Phil. 15 (prob. here an adv.).—Of what is continually repeated, constantly, again and again (as in colloq. Engl., everlastingly, eternally):3.glaebaque versis Aeternum frangenda bidentibus,
Verg. G. 2, 400:ingens janitor Aeternum latrans (of Cerberus),
id. A. 6, 401.—aeternō, meton., of indef. long time, forever, perpetually:viret aeterno hunc fontem igneum contegens fraxinus,
Plin. 2, 107, 111, § 240:BVSTA TVTA AETERNO MANEANT,
Inscr. Orell. 4517. -
19 aeternus
aeternus, a, um, adj. [contr. from aeviternus, Varr. L. L. 6, § 11 Müll., from aevum, with the termination -ternus as in sempiternus, hesternus], without beginning or end, eternal (sempiternus denotes what is perpetual, what exists as long as time endures, and keeps even pace with it; aeternus, the eternal, that which is raised above all time, and can be measured only by œons (aiônes, indefinite periods);I.for Tempus est pars quaedam aeternitatis,
Cic. Inv. 1, 27, 39. Thus the sublime thought, without beginning and end, is more vividly suggested by aeternus than by sempiternus, since the former has more direct reference to the long duration of the eternal, which has neither beginning nor end. Sempiternus is rather a mathematical, aeternus a metaphysical, designation of eternity, Doed. Syn. I. p. 3).Lit.A.Of the past and future, eternal:B.deus beatus et aeternus,
Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 88:nihil quod ortum sit, aeternum esse potest,
id. N. D. 1, 8:O Pater, o hominum rerumque aeterna Potestas,
Verg. A. 10, 18:di semper fuerunt, nati numquam sunt, siquidem aeterni sunt futuri,
Cic. N. D. 1, 32, 90:idem legis perpetuae et aeternae vim Jovem dicit esse,
id. ib. 1, 15, 40:nomen Domini Dei aeterni,
Vulg. Gen. 21, 33; ib. Rom. 16, 26:aeternum tempus,
Lucr. 1, 582:causae immutabiles eaeque aeternae,
Cic. Fat. 12, 48. —Of the future, everlasting, endless, immortal:C.natura animi... neque nata certe est et aeterna est,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 23:virorum bonorum mentes divinae mihi atque aeternae videntur esse,
id. Rab. 29:aeternam timuerunt noctem,
Verg. G. 1, 468:Quod semper movetur, aeternum est,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 23:Quidquid est illud quod sentit... caeleste et divinum ob eamque rem aeternum sit, necesse est,
id. ib. 1, 27:ut habeam vitam aeternam,
Vulg. Matt. 19, 16; ib. Joan. 3, 15; ib. Rom. 2, 7:in sanguine testamenti aeterni,
ib. Heb. 13, 20:tu Juppiter bonorum inimicos aeternis suppliciis vivos mortuosque mactabis,
Cic. Cat. 2, 13:ibunt in supplicium aeternum,
Vulg. Matt. 25, 46: [p. 64] aeternas poenas in morte timendumst, Lucr. 1, 111:mitti in ignem aeternum,
Vulg. Matt. 18, 8.—Of the past:D.ex aeterno tempore quaeque Nunc etiam superare necessest corpora rebus,
from eternity, Lucr. 1, 578:motum animorum nullo a principio, sed ex aeterno tempore intellegi convenire,
Cic. Fin. 1, 6.—Spec. of objects of nature, which the ancients regarded as stable and perpetual, everlasting, eternal: aeterna templa caeli, Poët. ap. Varr. L. L. 6, 11, p. 77 Müll.:II.aeternam lampada mundi,
Lucr. 5, 402:micant aeterni sidera mundi,
id. 5, 514:aeterna domus, i. e. caelum,
Cic. Rep. 6, 23:donec veniret desiderium collium aeternorum,
the everlasting hills, Vulg. Gen. 49, 26; ib. Ps. 75, 5; cf. ib. Ps. 103, 5.—Meton., of indef. long time.A.Of the future, lasting, enduring, everlasting, perpetual:B. III.aeterni parietes,
Plin. 35, 14, 49, § 172:dehinc spero aeternam inter nos gratiam fore,
Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 33:aeternus luctus,
Lucr. 3, 924:dolor,
id. 3, 1003:vulnus,
id. 2, 369; so Verg. A. 1, 36:aerumna,
Cic. Sen. 34:mala,
Verg. Cul. 130:bellum,
Cic. Cat. 4, 22:dedecus,
id. Font. 88:imperium,
id. Rab. 33; so Verg. A. 1, 230:versūs,
Lucr. 1, 121:ignis sacerdotis,
Cic. Font. 47:gloria,
id. Cat. 4, 21:laus,
id. Planc. 26:memoria,
id. Verr. 4, 69:non dubitat Lentulum aeternis tenebris vinculisque mandare,
id. Cat. 4, 10.—Comic.:spero me ob hunc nuntium aeternum adepturum cibum,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 13. Esp. of Rome:aeterna urbs,
the Eternal City, Tib. 2, 5, 23; Ov. F. 3, 72; Cod. Th. 10, 16, 1; Symm. Ep. 3, 55; Inscr. Orell. 2, 1140.— Comp.: nec est ulli ligno aeternior natura. Plin. 14, 1, 2, § 9:aeterniora mala,
Lact. Epit. 9.—Adv. phrases.1. A.Lit., forever, everlastingly:B.et vivat in aeternum,
Vulg. Gen. 3, 22:hoc nomen mihi est in aeternum,
ib. Exod. 3, 15:Dominus in aeternum permanet,
ib. Psa. 9, 8:vivet in aeternum,
ib. Joan. 6, 52:Tu es sacerdos in aeternum,
ib. Heb. 5, 6:non habebit remissionem in aeternum,
ib. Marc. 3, 29.—Meton., of indef. long time, forever, always:2. A.urbs in aeternum condita,
Liv. 4, 4:leges in aeternum latae,
id. 34, 6:(proverbia) durant in aeternum,
Quint. 5, 11, 41:delatores non in praesens tantum, sed in aeternum repressisti,
Plin. Pan. 35:(famulos) possidebitis in aeternum,
Vulg. Lev. 25, 46:(servus) serviet tibi usque in aeternum,
ib. Deut. 15, 17:ut sceleris memoria maneat in aeternum,
Lact. 1, 11.—Lit., forever:B. C.sedet aeternumque sedebit Infelix Theseus,
Verg. A. 6, 617:ut aeternum illum reciperes,
Vulg. Phil. 15 (prob. here an adv.).—Of what is continually repeated, constantly, again and again (as in colloq. Engl., everlastingly, eternally):3.glaebaque versis Aeternum frangenda bidentibus,
Verg. G. 2, 400:ingens janitor Aeternum latrans (of Cerberus),
id. A. 6, 401.—aeternō, meton., of indef. long time, forever, perpetually:viret aeterno hunc fontem igneum contegens fraxinus,
Plin. 2, 107, 111, § 240:BVSTA TVTA AETERNO MANEANT,
Inscr. Orell. 4517. -
20 in aeternum
aeternus, a, um, adj. [contr. from aeviternus, Varr. L. L. 6, § 11 Müll., from aevum, with the termination -ternus as in sempiternus, hesternus], without beginning or end, eternal (sempiternus denotes what is perpetual, what exists as long as time endures, and keeps even pace with it; aeternus, the eternal, that which is raised above all time, and can be measured only by œons (aiônes, indefinite periods);I.for Tempus est pars quaedam aeternitatis,
Cic. Inv. 1, 27, 39. Thus the sublime thought, without beginning and end, is more vividly suggested by aeternus than by sempiternus, since the former has more direct reference to the long duration of the eternal, which has neither beginning nor end. Sempiternus is rather a mathematical, aeternus a metaphysical, designation of eternity, Doed. Syn. I. p. 3).Lit.A.Of the past and future, eternal:B.deus beatus et aeternus,
Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 88:nihil quod ortum sit, aeternum esse potest,
id. N. D. 1, 8:O Pater, o hominum rerumque aeterna Potestas,
Verg. A. 10, 18:di semper fuerunt, nati numquam sunt, siquidem aeterni sunt futuri,
Cic. N. D. 1, 32, 90:idem legis perpetuae et aeternae vim Jovem dicit esse,
id. ib. 1, 15, 40:nomen Domini Dei aeterni,
Vulg. Gen. 21, 33; ib. Rom. 16, 26:aeternum tempus,
Lucr. 1, 582:causae immutabiles eaeque aeternae,
Cic. Fat. 12, 48. —Of the future, everlasting, endless, immortal:C.natura animi... neque nata certe est et aeterna est,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 23:virorum bonorum mentes divinae mihi atque aeternae videntur esse,
id. Rab. 29:aeternam timuerunt noctem,
Verg. G. 1, 468:Quod semper movetur, aeternum est,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 23:Quidquid est illud quod sentit... caeleste et divinum ob eamque rem aeternum sit, necesse est,
id. ib. 1, 27:ut habeam vitam aeternam,
Vulg. Matt. 19, 16; ib. Joan. 3, 15; ib. Rom. 2, 7:in sanguine testamenti aeterni,
ib. Heb. 13, 20:tu Juppiter bonorum inimicos aeternis suppliciis vivos mortuosque mactabis,
Cic. Cat. 2, 13:ibunt in supplicium aeternum,
Vulg. Matt. 25, 46: [p. 64] aeternas poenas in morte timendumst, Lucr. 1, 111:mitti in ignem aeternum,
Vulg. Matt. 18, 8.—Of the past:D.ex aeterno tempore quaeque Nunc etiam superare necessest corpora rebus,
from eternity, Lucr. 1, 578:motum animorum nullo a principio, sed ex aeterno tempore intellegi convenire,
Cic. Fin. 1, 6.—Spec. of objects of nature, which the ancients regarded as stable and perpetual, everlasting, eternal: aeterna templa caeli, Poët. ap. Varr. L. L. 6, 11, p. 77 Müll.:II.aeternam lampada mundi,
Lucr. 5, 402:micant aeterni sidera mundi,
id. 5, 514:aeterna domus, i. e. caelum,
Cic. Rep. 6, 23:donec veniret desiderium collium aeternorum,
the everlasting hills, Vulg. Gen. 49, 26; ib. Ps. 75, 5; cf. ib. Ps. 103, 5.—Meton., of indef. long time.A.Of the future, lasting, enduring, everlasting, perpetual:B. III.aeterni parietes,
Plin. 35, 14, 49, § 172:dehinc spero aeternam inter nos gratiam fore,
Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 33:aeternus luctus,
Lucr. 3, 924:dolor,
id. 3, 1003:vulnus,
id. 2, 369; so Verg. A. 1, 36:aerumna,
Cic. Sen. 34:mala,
Verg. Cul. 130:bellum,
Cic. Cat. 4, 22:dedecus,
id. Font. 88:imperium,
id. Rab. 33; so Verg. A. 1, 230:versūs,
Lucr. 1, 121:ignis sacerdotis,
Cic. Font. 47:gloria,
id. Cat. 4, 21:laus,
id. Planc. 26:memoria,
id. Verr. 4, 69:non dubitat Lentulum aeternis tenebris vinculisque mandare,
id. Cat. 4, 10.—Comic.:spero me ob hunc nuntium aeternum adepturum cibum,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 13. Esp. of Rome:aeterna urbs,
the Eternal City, Tib. 2, 5, 23; Ov. F. 3, 72; Cod. Th. 10, 16, 1; Symm. Ep. 3, 55; Inscr. Orell. 2, 1140.— Comp.: nec est ulli ligno aeternior natura. Plin. 14, 1, 2, § 9:aeterniora mala,
Lact. Epit. 9.—Adv. phrases.1. A.Lit., forever, everlastingly:B.et vivat in aeternum,
Vulg. Gen. 3, 22:hoc nomen mihi est in aeternum,
ib. Exod. 3, 15:Dominus in aeternum permanet,
ib. Psa. 9, 8:vivet in aeternum,
ib. Joan. 6, 52:Tu es sacerdos in aeternum,
ib. Heb. 5, 6:non habebit remissionem in aeternum,
ib. Marc. 3, 29.—Meton., of indef. long time, forever, always:2. A.urbs in aeternum condita,
Liv. 4, 4:leges in aeternum latae,
id. 34, 6:(proverbia) durant in aeternum,
Quint. 5, 11, 41:delatores non in praesens tantum, sed in aeternum repressisti,
Plin. Pan. 35:(famulos) possidebitis in aeternum,
Vulg. Lev. 25, 46:(servus) serviet tibi usque in aeternum,
ib. Deut. 15, 17:ut sceleris memoria maneat in aeternum,
Lact. 1, 11.—Lit., forever:B. C.sedet aeternumque sedebit Infelix Theseus,
Verg. A. 6, 617:ut aeternum illum reciperes,
Vulg. Phil. 15 (prob. here an adv.).—Of what is continually repeated, constantly, again and again (as in colloq. Engl., everlastingly, eternally):3.glaebaque versis Aeternum frangenda bidentibus,
Verg. G. 2, 400:ingens janitor Aeternum latrans (of Cerberus),
id. A. 6, 401.—aeternō, meton., of indef. long time, forever, perpetually:viret aeterno hunc fontem igneum contegens fraxinus,
Plin. 2, 107, 111, § 240:BVSTA TVTA AETERNO MANEANT,
Inscr. Orell. 4517.
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